ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯅꯦꯜ: ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫

ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯝꯐ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯦꯔꯤ ꯅꯦꯜꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯐꯠ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯅꯦꯛꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯣꯚꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ; ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ: ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯅꯦꯜ (DTN)

ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ-ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯅꯦꯜ (DTN)-ꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯠꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯥ꯫

ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯨꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤꯁꯞꯂꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ; ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯁꯥꯐꯝ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯦꯔꯤ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯂꯇꯣꯏꯗ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯃꯦꯂꯤꯑꯣꯂꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 2–3ꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯇꯤꯆꯨꯗꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯒꯥꯏꯗ ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯦꯂꯤꯑꯣꯂꯁꯀꯤ ꯇꯤꯞ (Fig. 2a)ꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯃꯤ 4–5 ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯂꯦꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯚꯤꯎꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯟꯗꯤꯂꯥꯔ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ (Fig. 2b)ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯎꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯂꯤꯁ ꯃꯁꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯂꯇꯣꯏꯗ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯖꯟ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯦꯔꯤ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ (Fig. 2c)꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯥꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯦꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯦꯜ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯎ (Fig. 2d)꯫ DTN ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯑꯦꯜ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ (Fig. 2e)꯫ ꯏꯌꯥꯠꯔꯣꯖꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯃꯦꯂꯤꯑꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯃꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯩꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯞꯊ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫

ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯃꯣꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯨꯠ-ꯇꯨ-ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ
ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 4–6ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯕꯥ
, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 8–12ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ, ꯀꯦꯂꯁ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫

ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 4–6ꯅꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 8–12ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯱꯰ꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯂꯣ-ꯑꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯱꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ (ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯱)꯫ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯑꯣꯞ ꯊꯥ ꯳ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯷ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯈꯤ; ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯊꯥ ꯶ꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯃꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ, ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯏꯃꯞꯂꯥꯟꯇꯀꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯠꯔꯣꯖꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯗꯦ (ꯇꯦꯕꯜ 2)꯫

ꯆꯍꯤ ꯶꯹ ꯁꯨꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯣ.꯴꯳-ꯑꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤ.꯱ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ; ꯁꯤ ꯲ꯁꯨ ꯈꯟꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯃꯤ ꯷ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯃꯤ ꯸ꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯥꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯤ 2–9ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ DTN ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯗꯤꯗꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯣ.꯴꯲ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫

ꯔꯦꯠꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯐꯅꯦꯁ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ꯫ ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯐꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯶꯰–꯷꯰% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯔꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯐꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯹꯰% ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯃꯨꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯊꯥ ꯳ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯈꯤꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯳ꯗꯥ, ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯖꯟ-ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯥꯔꯤ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯃꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯶ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯅꯤ ꯃꯣꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯇꯤ.ꯀꯦ.ꯑꯦ.) ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯂꯤꯁ ꯃꯁꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯃꯦꯂꯤꯑꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯃꯦꯂꯤꯑꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯋꯥꯏꯔꯤꯡ, ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯅꯣꯇꯆ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ; ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧ (Fig. 4c)꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯔꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯂꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯪꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯰–꯲꯵% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯸.꯳–꯵꯰%ꯅꯤ; ꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ 0–17% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 0–17% ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯀꯦꯁ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 20% ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯇꯤ >5° ꯂꯩꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ: ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ 0–8.3% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ 0–23%; ꯗꯤꯞ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯪꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ 0–23% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 0–8.3% ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯐ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯈꯤ꯫ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ:

ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯦꯔꯤ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫

ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯕꯅꯦꯁ, ꯍꯥꯏ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫