ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯅꯦꯜ: ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯊ꯭ꯔꯣ ꯑꯃꯥ

ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩ

ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯝꯐ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯦꯔꯤ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯐꯠ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯅꯦꯛꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ; ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯂꯥꯂꯥꯏꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ: ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯅꯦꯜ (DTN)

ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ—ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯅꯦꯜ (ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.)—ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯠꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ

ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯨꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤꯁꯞꯂꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯏ; ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯨꯂꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯨꯂꯔ ꯁꯥꯐꯝ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯦꯔꯤ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯨꯂꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯂꯥꯂꯤꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯔꯤꯗꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯁꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯂꯇꯣꯏꯗ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯃꯦꯂꯦꯂꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 2–3ꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯇꯤꯆꯨꯗꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯨꯂꯔ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯃꯤ 4–5 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯂꯦꯂꯁ (Fig. 2A)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯒꯥꯏꯗ ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯂꯦꯇꯔꯜ ꯚꯤꯎꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯣꯟꯗꯤꯂꯥꯔ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ (ꯆꯤꯠꯔ 2b) ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯁꯟ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯂꯤꯁ ꯃꯁꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯂꯇꯣꯏꯗ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯐꯥꯏꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯖꯟ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯦꯔꯤ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ (ꯆꯤꯠꯔ 2C)꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯥꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯦꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯦꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯦꯜ (fig. 2d) ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫ DTN ꯁꯥꯏꯖ (Fig. 2e) ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯑꯦꯜ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫ ꯏꯌꯥꯠꯔꯣꯖꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯃꯥꯜꯂꯤꯌꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯃꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯞꯊ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯂꯣꯛꯀꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯃꯣꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯨꯠ-ꯇꯨ-ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ
ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯴–꯶ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯋꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ
ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯸–꯱꯲ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ, ꯀꯦꯂꯁ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ

ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫

ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 4–6ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫

ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 8–12ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯱꯰ꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯂꯣ-ꯑꯞ .

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ 10ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤ (ꯇꯦꯕꯜ 1)꯫ ꯊꯥ ꯳ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯀꯦꯁ ꯷ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯈꯤ; ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ 6ꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫ ꯚꯦꯔꯨꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯀꯣꯚꯔꯇꯝ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯃꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯏꯃꯞꯂꯥꯟꯇꯀꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯠꯔꯣꯖꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ (ꯇꯦꯕꯜ 2)꯫

ꯆꯍꯤ ꯶꯹ ꯁꯨꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ

ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯣ.꯴꯳-ꯑꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤ ꯱ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ; ꯁꯤ ꯲ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯈꯟꯅꯈꯤ꯫ DTNꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ 7 mm ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 8 mmꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯥꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯂꯣꯛꯀꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯨꯂꯔ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 2–9 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ DTN ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯗꯤꯗꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯣ.꯴꯲ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ .

ꯔꯦꯠꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯂꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯐꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯦꯠ.ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯐꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯶꯰–꯷꯰% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯔꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯐꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯹꯰% ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯨꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯊꯥ 3ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁ 3ꯗꯥ, ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯐ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ꯫ DTNꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯕꯣꯟ (osteoporotic bone)ꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ

ꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯦꯔꯤ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯐ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯃꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯐ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯶ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ, ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯇꯤ.ꯀꯦ.ꯑꯦ.

ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟ-ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯂꯤꯁ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯃꯦꯂꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯋꯥꯏꯔꯤꯡ, ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯁꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯨꯂꯔ ꯅꯣꯠꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯤꯡ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ DTNꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ; ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ (fig. 4c)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ

ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯂꯥꯂꯤꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯪꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯰–꯲꯵% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯸.꯳–꯵꯰%ꯅꯤ; ꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, 0–17% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 0–17%꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯀꯦꯁ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 20% ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯇꯤ >5° ꯂꯩꯈꯤ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ: ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ 0–8.3% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ 0–23%ꯅꯤ; ꯗꯤꯞ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯪꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ 0–23% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 0–8.3% ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯐ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ꯐꯪꯐꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ:

ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, DTNꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯦꯔꯤ ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫

ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯕꯅꯦꯁ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯌꯥꯃꯥꯀꯥꯋꯥ ꯋꯥꯏ, ꯎꯏꯍꯥꯔꯥ ꯇꯤ, ꯁꯤꯒꯦꯃꯣꯇꯣ ꯀꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ꯫ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯅꯦꯂꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯔ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ, ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ[j]꯫ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯲꯰꯲꯴: ꯱꯱꯱꯶꯳꯴.
创伤骨科智能科技 智汇骨. (꯲꯰꯲꯴年꯱꯲月꯳꯱日)꯫ 胫骨远端髓内钉突破胫骨远端骨折的治疗 [微信公众号文章]꯫ 创伤骨科智能科技 智汇骨. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/9uqqvj0eae4bkzg2u4nq8q (ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ: ꯲꯰꯲꯵年꯰꯶月꯰꯷日)