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Tibial shaft no yɛ mmeae a wɔtaa kɔ abubu no mu biako, na ɛyɛ 13.7% wɔ nipadua no mu abubu nyinaa mu. Distal tibia no wɔ nipadua mu su te sɛ mogya a wɔde ma no yiye ne ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛkata so kakraa bi. Sɛ mpaapaemu ba a, ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛsɛe ne mogya a ɛwɔ mpɔtam hɔ a asɛe no betumi ama ayɛ den sɛ ɛbɛsa yare no kɛse. Bio nso, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ fibular fractures ne instability a ɛkɔ so bere koro mu no ma oprehyɛn kwan a ɛfata a wɔpaw no ho hia.
Mfinimfini kosi mfinimfini tibial shaft no cross-section yɛ ahinanan, bere a nea ɛto so abiɛsa no yɛ ahinanan. Sɛnea mfinimfini ne nea ɛwɔ fam no hyia no yɛ teateaa na egyina hɔ ma nsakrae a ɛwɔ ne nsusuwii mu, na ɛma ɛyɛ beae a wɔtaa kɔ hɔ ma mpaapaemu ba.
Wora a enni ntini nkutoo na ɛkata tibia no anim nkyem abiɛsa mu biako so, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ebebue mpaapaemu a ɛwɔ baabi a nnompe asinasin no tutu honam ani no. Wɔ akisikuru a wɔato mu mpo mu no, tibial a ɛpaapae dodow no ara ne honam ani ne honam ani ntini a ɛsɛe no ka ho. Tibia a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no nni ntini a ɛkata so, na fascial compartments anan na ɛwɔ tibia ne fibula no ho. Sɛ wɔde compartment syndrome no toto tibial fractures ho kɛse bere a wɔde toto abubuw afoforo ho a.
AO/OTA Arabic akontabuo nkyekyɛmu no kyerɛ tibial shaft a ɛpaapae sɛ 4 (Tibia) 2 (shaft). Type A no ne mpaapaemu a ɛnyɛ den a ɛwɔ abubuw biako, a ɛno ne ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so yɛ no hyia. Type B abubu no wɔ asinasin a ɛte sɛ wedge a ɛwɔ ntam. Type C mu mpaapaemu no fi ahoɔden kɛse a ɛyɛ ahodwiriw na ɛyɛ comminited segmental fractures.
Type I: Akuru no tenten nnu cm 1, mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ kuru a ɛho tew kakra a nnompe no ano puepue wɔ were no mu. Ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛsɛe no sua koraa, na opira biara nni mu. Mmubui no yɛ mmerɛw, ɛyɛ nea ɛtrɛw, anaasɛ ɛyɛ tiawa, a ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ hu.
Type II: Akuru no boro cm 1, na ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no sɛe kɛse nanso avulsion anaasɛ flap formation biara nni hɔ. Ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw da opira a emu nyɛ den kosi nea ɛkɔ fam adi, efĩ a ɛkɔ fam, ne nea ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛbɛpaapae no.
Type IIIA: Ɛmfa ho sɛ avulsion opira kɛse anaasɛ flap formation, anaasɛ ahoɔden kɛse ahodwiriw ɛmfa ho kuru no kɛse no, soft tissue coverage a ɛfata wɔ fracture no so.
Type IIIB: Ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛsɛe kɛse ne nea ɛyera, a periosteal yiyi ne dompe a ɛda adi, a efĩ a emu yɛ den ka ho.
Type IIIC: a ɛne ntini mu opira a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wosiesie no wɔ abusuabɔ.
Ayaresa a ɛnyɛ oprehyɛn a wɔde sa tibial fractures no bi ne braces, plaster external fixation, traction, manual reduction, ne external fixation frames a wɔde di dwuma. Oprehyɛn a wɔpaw no bi ne mprɛte a wɔatoto mu a wɔde hyɛ mu ne nnadewa a wɔde hyɛ mu, ne afoforo.
Nnadewa a wɔde hyɛ nipadua no mu a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu no yɛ nea nnompe ho oprehyɛn ho animdefo pii pɛ esiane oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ no mmerɛw, ntwitwiridii nketenkete, adwenemhaw kakraa bi, ne nnadewa no a woyi fi hɔ bere a wɔasa no yare no nti. Ɛma wonya mu fixation a emu yɛ den, na ɛma oprehyɛn akyi dwumadi apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a wɔyɛ no ntɛm na ɛkwati mpɔtam ne nhyehyɛe mu nsɛnnennen. Saa mfaso horow yi ne AO nnyinasosɛm ahorow a ɛfa ayaresa ho no hyia.
Anterior oblique twitwa wɔ proximal awiei no siw abufuw to patellar ligament.
Advance proximal locking design ma prostility a wɔpɛ ma proximal fragment no yɛ kɛse.
Distal oblique locking option a ɛbɛma ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no asɛe na ama distal fragment no agyina.
Locking screw a wɔayɛ no abien lead thread ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wode bɛhyɛ mu.
Locking design ma fixation a emu yɛ den, tew oprehyɛn akyi fragment dislocation so.
Multi points of fixation ma angular stability ne stable support ma tibial palteau.
Afiri no wɔ adaptive adjustment function, a ne morphological nsakrae a wɔada no adi wɔ mfonini ahorow no mu wɔ pre-compression (loose state) ne post-compression (tightly fitted) tebea horow no nyinaa mu.
Multi fixation kwan fi proximal ne distal, kyerɛ awiei proximal ne distal tibial fractures.
Nnadewa titiriw no awiei a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri no wɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ tratraa, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔde bɛhyɛ medullary cavity no mu.
Angular locking screws abien a ɛwɔ proximal end no siw fracture fã no a ɛkyinkyini na ɛkɔ baabi foforo no ano.
Anatomical curvature soronko bi hwɛ hu sɛ nnadewa titiriw no wɔ beae a eye sen biara wɔ medullary cavity no mu.
Nkyene abiɛsa a ɛtwa ho hyia wɔ akyirikyiri no ma mmoa ne nea wɔde si hɔ a etu mpɔn.
Ɛfata ma tibial shaft fractures dodow no ara (midshaft ne distal/proximal fractures binom), bere a wɔayɛ ahorow afoforo (sɛ nhwɛso no, DTN anaa expert nail) ama nipadua no mmeae pɔtee bi anaasɛ abubu a ɛyɛ den.
Standard kwan (Parapatellar anaa transpatellar) di akyi kwan a wɔde asi hɔ yiye a adesua kwan a ɛba fam, bere a akwan titiriw (sɛ nhwɛso no, suprapatellar) hwehwɛ mfiridwuma ho ntetee foforo.
Sɛ wɔde toto nnadewa titiriw te sɛ Expert Nail anaa DTN ho a, standard tibial intramedullary nails taa yɛ nea ne bo yɛ den, na ɛma ɛfata ma nsɛm a wɔtaa yɛ.
Ɛne amansan mfiri (sɛ nhwɛso no, nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a wɔde to mu, mfiri a wɔde si wɔn ani so) hyia, bere a nnadewa titiriw (sɛ nhwɛso no, nnadewa a ɛyɛ animdefo a wɔde nneɛma a wɔde to mu a wɔde di dwuma wɔ akwan horow so) betumi ahwehwɛ nnwinnade a ɛyɛ wɔn de.
Type | Best Indications | Core Advantages . |
---|---|---|
Expert Nail . | Ntini mu akisikuru a ɛyɛ den, nnompe mu yare . | Multi-planar locking, ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn . |
nnadewa a ɛboro so . | Proximal fractures, ayarefo a wɔayɛ kɛse mmoroso . | Suprapatellar kwan so, ɛtew nkotodwe anim nsɛnnennen so . |
DTN . | Distal fractures (a ɛyɛ ankle joint a ɛbɛn) . | Multi-directional distal locking, resists shortening . |
Standard Nail . | Mid-shaft a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛyɛ mmerɛw . | Adwumayɛ a ɛnyɛ den, ɛho ka sua . |
Drilling Instruments : Nea ɛka ho ne drill bits, reamers, ne nnwinnade afoforo a wɔde di dwuma tẽẽ ma dompe drilling.
Mfiri a wɔde si wɔn ani so : Nnwinnade a wɔde si fam na ɛkyerɛ kwan a wɔde tutu fam anaasɛ wɔde hyɛ mu, te sɛ akwankyerɛ nhama, akwankyerɛ nsateaa, ne mfiri a wɔde si so.
Nnwinnade a wɔde siesie nneɛma : Nnwinnade a wɔde di dwuma de ka nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ nipadua no mu bom, wɔde to mu, anaasɛ wɔde siesie nneɛma te sɛ amansan nkwaa, nsateaa, nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn, ne hama.
Nnwinnade a wɔde susuw nneɛma : Nnwinnade a wɔde susuw bun, gyinabea, anaa mmoa a wɔde ma wɔ oprehyɛn mu, te sɛ bun gauges, reduction forceps, ne bone awls (AWL).
Mfoniniyɛ nhwehwɛmu: ansa na wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn no x-ray/CT de si fracture type, medullary canal diameter ne tenten so dua, a wɔsusuw contralateral tibia sɛ reference.
Gyinabea: Supine gyinabea a kotodwe a ɛbɔ 90°-120° ne asen mu a ɛba fam kakra (na ama patellar ntini no mu ayɛ den). Ebia radiolucent frame a ɛyɛ ahinanan betumi aboa popliteal fossa no ma ɛtwetwe.
sterile draping: standard limb sterilization ne draping, a ɛma C-Arm no tumi tu.
Manual Traction: Assistant de longitudinal traction di dwuma bere a oprehyɛn ho ɔbenfo no de ne nsa bɔ tibial crest ne anteromedial surface de siesie alignment (tenten, rotation, angulation).
Nnwinnade a wɔde boa:
Joystick Technique: Schanz nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a wɔde ahyɛ proximal/distal fragments mu ama lever reduction.
Percutaneous clamping: Pointed reduction forceps ma oblique/spiral fractures.
Distractor: Distractor kɛse a wɔde si coronally (proximal schanz screw a ɛne tibial plateau hyia, distal pin wɔ talus anaa distal tibia mu) sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛkɔ so ayɛ tenten.
Nneɛma a ɛwɔ hɔ: .
Entry point 1cm distal to anterior tibial plateau ano, a ɛne medullary axis hyia.
Fluoroscopic confirmation: AP View ne tibial crest hyia, lateral view parallels tibial axis.
Nnwinnade a wɔde bue ano:
Cannulated drill wɔ guidewire so (a ɛwɔ nsa a ɛbɔ ho ban) anaasɛ curved solid awl.
Nsa reamers (6-8mm) ma dedaw mu abubu a ɛwɔ canal occlusion.
Guidewire placement: ball-tipped guidewire bent 10-15mm wɔ tip ma fracture passage. Fluoroscopic si so dua wɔ distal physeal scar (ankle center).
Reaming protocol: .
Reamers a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a efi ase wɔ 8mm, ɛkɔ soro 0.5mm kosi cortical 'chatter' (mpɛn pii no 1-1.5mm > nnadewa ntwemu).
Hyɛ no nsow: Sɛ obi twe ne ho bere ne bere mu a, ɛma nneɛma a asɛe no fi hɔ; Kwati ɔhyew a ɛyɛ hyew.
Tenten a wɔde si gyinae:
Intraoperative susudua: GuideWire overlap kwan anaa fluoroscopic ruler (entry point to ankle joint).
Hwɛ hu sɛ nnadewa no ano du physeal scar a proximal protrusion nni mu.
Ɔkwan a wɔfa so de hyɛ mu: .
Nsa a wɔde di dwuma wɔ akwankyerɛ hama so; Siesie reduction sɛ resistance ba a.
Kura so tew bere a wɔretwam no ma distal fractures.
Ntoatoaso ho nhyehyɛe .
Length-stable fractures: Proximal locking kan (Screw biako ma kwan ma ɛyɛ dynamization).
Mmubui a enni ahoɔden/a ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ den: Distal locking a edi kan a 'backslap' di akyi de compress.
Proximal a wɔde to mu .
≥2 screws via aiming device (multidifictional ma proximal fractures).
Distal locking .
Fluoroscopic technique: mfinimfini beam a ɛteɛteɛ skru ntokuru ('akwansin a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ'), percutaneous drilling.
≥2 screws ma distal fractures (ebetumi aka AP/oblique orientations abom).
End Cap: Optional insertion (esiw nnompe a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu ano), hwɛ hu sɛ joint protrusion biara nni hɔ.
Wound closure: Layered patellar tendon repair a wɔde nhama a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ahyɛ ase.
Nsiesiei a ɛba ntɛm:
akwaa a ɛkorɔn; Monitor for compartment syndrome wɔ 24hrs mu.
Fi ase yɛ nnam wɔ nkwaa mu (ankle pumps, kotodwe flexion) wɔ POD 1-2 so.
Protocol a ɛma obi mu duru yɛ adwuma:
Adapɛn 6 (wɔyɛ nsakrae wɔ sɛnea ɛyɛ den biara mu), ɛkɔ so yɛ ma bere a Callus pue no.
Nea edi akyi: Ayaresa/Radiological nhwehwɛmu wɔ adapɛn 2, 6, ne 12 mu.
Asafo ti: Raynham, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ:
Expert Tibial Nail (ETN) – a wɔayɛ ama agyina wɔ tibial a ɛpaapae a ɛyɛ den mu.
T2 Tibial Nail – de fixation ne compression a ɛkɔ anim ma.
Ahoɔden titiriw: R&D a emu yɛ den, wiase nyinaa nkyekyɛmu, ne nkabom ne adwenemhaw ano aduru.
Asafo ti: Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.A.
Nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ:
T2 tibial nnadewa – modular nhyehyɛe ma tibial shaft abubu.
Gamma3 Tibial Nail – Ɛka intramedullary nnadewa ne locking options bom.
Ahoɔden atitiriw: Robɔt a ɛkɔ akyiri (MAKO), ano aduru a ɛnyɛ den pii, ne adwenemhaw a ɛyɛ den.
Asafo ti: London, UK
Nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ:
Trigen Tibial Nail – Wɔayɛ no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔde bɛhyɛ mu na ayɛ den.
Im tibial nail – intramedullary fixation ma tibial fractures.
Ahoɔden titiriw: Fa w’adwene si agumadi mu nnuruyɛ ne ahodwiriw so, nneɛma foforo.
Asafo ti: Changzhou, China
Nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ:
Distal tibial intramedullary nail (DTN) – a wɔayɛ no yiye ama distal fractures.
Abenfo Tibia Intramedullary Nail – Titanium aduru a ahoɔden wom kɛse.
suprapatellar kwan so tibial intramedullary nnadewa – invasive a wɔde hyɛ mu kakraa bi.
Tibial intramedullary nail – Nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ mu a ɛyɛ adwuma pii.
Ahoɔden titiriw: Ano aduru a ɛho ka sua, wiase nyinaa a ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛretrɛw.
Asafo ti: Warsaw, Indiana, U.S.A.
Nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ:
ZNN Tibial Nail – Anatomic nhyehyɛe a ɛma ɛfata yiye.
Natural nail system – suasua natural bone mechanics.
Ahoɔden Titiriw: Ɛyɛ den wɔ nkabom a wɔsan yɛ no foforo mu, biologics nkabom, ne ano aduru a wɔayɛ ama obiara.
Adwumayɛbea ti: Lewisville, Texas, U.S.A.
Nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ:
Lon Tibial Nail (anom nnompe nnadewa) – a wɔayɛ ama afã a ɛkɔ mu no kwan.
Ahoɔden atitiriw: Ɛyɛ titiriw wɔ nnompe nyin nkanyan mu, ne nsa ne ne nan mu dɛmdi.
CzmeDitech de tibial nailing ano aduru a ɛkɔ akyiri ma proximal, distal, ne complex fractures, a wɔayɛ no foforo (sɛ nhwɛso no, multi-directional locking, suprapatellar kwan) a wɔde toto wiase nyinaa nnwumakuw a wodi kan wɔ biomechanics ne ayaresabea mu aba ho.
[1].德康医疗. denam 德康 25ZSVLBXBluc9Q..
[2].AO Fapem. (nd). Intramedullary nnadewa a wɔde yɛ tibial shaft a ɛnyɛ den spiral fracture [surgical technique]. AO oprehyɛn ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu. Wɔfaa no July 10, 2024, fii 1999 mu. https://surgeryreference.aofoundation.org/orthopedic-trauma/mpanyin-trauma/tibial-shaft/simple-fracture-spiral/intramedullary-nailing?searchurl=/searchresults .
Wiase nyinaa advanced Tibia nnadewa nnwinnade din 2025 Top 6 Nneɛma foforo .
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Distal Tibial Nail: Nkɔso a ɛba wɔ distal tibial fractures ayaresa mu .
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