Iimboniselo: 0 uMbhali: Ixesha lokupapasha loMhleli weSiza: 2025-07-07 Imvelaphi: Isiza
I-shaft ye-tibial yenye yezona ndawo zixhaphakileyo zokuphuka, i-akhawunti ye-13.7% yazo zonke iifractures emzimbeni. I-distal tibia ineempawu ze-anatomical ezifana nembuyekezo yokubonelela ngegazi eliphantsi kunye nokugubungela okuncinci kwezicubu ezithambileyo. Emva kokuba i-fracture isenzeka, umonakalo wezicubu ezithambileyo kunye nokunikezelwa kwegazi lendawo esichengeni kunokunyusa ubunzima bokuphulukisa ukuphuka. Ukongezelela, amathuba aphezulu okuqhekeka kwe-fibular kunye nokungazinzi kwenza ukhetho lwendlela efanelekileyo yotyando luyimfuneko.
I-cross-section ye-middle-to-upper tibial shaft i-triangular, ngelixa isithathu esisezantsi si-quadrilateral. Ukudityaniswa kombindi kunye nasezantsi kwisithathu kuncinci kwaye kubonisa inguqu kwimilo, okwenza kube yindawo eqhelekileyo yokwaphuka.
Inxalenye yesithathu yangaphambili ye-tibia igqunywe kuphela lusu ngaphandle kokugquma kwezihlunu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube lula ukuvula iifractures apho amaqhekeza amathambo agqobhoza ulusu. Nangona iifractures ezivaliweyo, ininzi ye-tibial fractures ihamba kunye nomonakalo kwesikhumba kunye nezicubu ezingaphantsi. I-mid-tibia ayinayo i-muscle coverage, kwaye kukho amacandelo amane e-fascial ajikeleze i-tibia kunye ne-fibula. Isiganeko se-compartment syndrome siphezulu kwi-tibial fractures xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iifractures.
I-AO/OTA ye-Arabic numeral classification ichaza i-tibial shaft fractures njenge-4 (tibia) 2 (shaft). Uhlobo lwe-A luhambelana nokuqhekeka okulula kunye nomgca owodwa wokuphuka, olona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Izaphulelo zodidi lwe-B zineqhekeza eliphakathi elimile okwe wedge. Iifractures ze-C Type C zibangelwa yi-high-energy trauma kwaye i-comminuted segmental fractures.
Uhlobo I: Ubude benxeba bungaphantsi kwe-1 cm, ngokuqhelekileyo inxeba lokuhlatywa elicocekileyo nencam yethambo ephumela eluswini. Umonakalo wezicubu ezithambileyo uncinci, akukho nzakala ityumzayo. I-fracture ilula, i-transverse, okanye i-oblique emfutshane, ngaphandle kokubambisana.
Uhlobo lwe-II: Inxeba lidlula i-1 cm, kunye nomonakalo ogqithiseleyo wezicubu ezithambileyo kodwa akukho ukuvuswa okanye ukubunjwa kwe-flap. Izicubu ezithambileyo zibonisa ukulimala kancinci ukuya kokuphakathi, ukungcoliseka okuphakathi, kunye nokuhamba okuphakathi kokuqhekeka.
Uhlobo lwe-III: Naphezu kokulimala okukhulu kwe-avulsion okanye ukubunjwa kwe-flap, okanye ukuxhatshazwa kwamandla aphezulu kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubungakanani benxeba, kukho ukukhutshwa okwaneleyo kwezicubu ezithambileyo phezu kokuphuka.
Uhlobo lwe-IIIB: Umonakalo omkhulu wezicubu ezithambileyo kunye nokulahleka, kunye ne-periosteal stripping kunye nethambo elibonakalayo, elihamba kunye nokungcoliswa okukhulu.
Uhlobo lwe-IIIC: Idibene nokulimala kwe-arterial efuna ukulungiswa.
Unyango olungelulo utyando lwe-tibial fractures lubandakanya i-braces, i-plaster fixation yangaphandle, i-traction, ukunciphisa ngesandla, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezakhelo zokulungiswa kwangaphandle. Izinketho zokuhlinzwa zibandakanya ukulungiswa kwangaphakathi kwepleyiti kunye ne-intramedullary nailing, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Intramedullary nailing fixation kuyathandwa ngoogqirha abaninzi be-trauma orthopedic ngenxa yenkqubo yotyando olula, izithintelo ezincinci, ukwenzakala okuncinci, kunye nokususwa ngokulula kwesikhonkwane emva kokuphiliswa kokwaphuka. Inika ukulungiswa okunamandla kwangaphakathi, ukuvumela umthambo wokusebenza kwangoko emva kokusebenza kunye nokuphepha iingxaki zendawo kunye nenkqubo. Ezi nzuzo zihambelana nemigaqo ye-AO yonyango.
Ukunqunyulwa kwe-oblique yangaphambili kwi-proximal end kuthintela ukucaphuka kwi-patellar ligament.
Uyilo lokutshixa olungaphambili lunyusa uzinzo olunqwenelekayo lweqhekeza elisondele.
Inketho yokutshixa i-Distal oblique ukukhusela umonakalo wezicubu ezithambileyo kunye nokwandisa ukuzinza kweqhekeza elikude.
Isikrufu sokutshixa esiyilwe ngomsonto okhokelela kabini ukulungiselela ukufakwa lula.
Uyilo lokutshixa ukulungiswa okunamandla, ukunciphisa ukuchithwa kweqhekeza emva kokusebenza.
Amanqaku amaninzi okulungiswa anikezela ukuzinza kwe-angular kunye nenkxaso ezinzileyo ye-tibial palteau.
Isixhobo sinomsebenzi wohlengahlengiso olulungelelanisiweyo, kunye neenguqu zayo ze-morphological eziboniswe kwimizobo phantsi kokubini kwangaphambi koxinzelelo (imeko ekhululekileyo) kunye ne-post-compression (ifakwe ngokuqinileyo).
Indlela yokulungisa ezininzi ukusuka kwi-proximal kunye ne-distal, ibonisa i-proximal kunye ne-distal tibial fractures.
Isiphelo esikude sesikhonkwane sinoyilo olusicaba, oluququzelela ukufakwa lula kwi-medullary cavity.
Izikrufu ezimbini zokutshixa i-angular ekupheleni kwe-proximal zithintela ukujikeleza kunye nokufuduka kwecandelo lokuphuka.
I-curvature ekhethekileyo ye-anatomical iqinisekisa ukuba isikhonkwane esiphambili sibekwe ngokufanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-medullary cavity.
Izikrufu ezintathu zokutshixa i-angle kwi-distal end zibonelela ngenkxaso esebenzayo kunye nokulungiswa.
Ilungele uninzi lwee-tibial shaft fractures (i-midshaft kunye ne-distal / proximal fractures), ngelixa ezinye iintlobo (umz., i-DTN okanye i-Nail yeNgcali) ziyilelwe imimandla ethile ye-anatomical okanye i-fractures enzima.
Indlela eqhelekileyo (i-parapatellar okanye i-transpatellar) ilandela inkqubo esekwe kakuhle ene-curve yokufunda ephantsi, ngelixa iindlela ezikhethekileyo (umz., suprapatellar) zifuna uqeqesho olongezelelweyo lobugcisa.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezikhonkwane ezikhethekileyo ezifana neNgcali yeNgcali okanye i-DTN, izikhonkwane eziqhelekileyo ze-tibial intramedullary zifikeleleka ngakumbi, zizenza zilungele iimeko eziqhelekileyo.
Iyahambelana nezixhobo zendalo yonke (umzekelo, izikrufu zokutshixa, izixhobo zokujolisa), ngelixa izikhonkwane ezikhethekileyo (umz., Isikhonkwane seNgcali esineenkqubo zokutshixa ezimacala amaninzi) zinokufuna izixhobo zobunini.
| Chwetheza | Iimpawu eziphambili | eziluncedo |
|---|---|---|
| Ingcali Nail | Ukuqhekeka kwe-shaft eyinkimbinkimbi, i-osteoporosis | Ukutshixa i-Multi-planar, ukuzinza okuphezulu |
| Suprapatellar Nail | Ukwaphuka okusondeleyo, izigulane ezityebileyo | Indlela ye-Suprapatellar, inciphisa iingxaki zangaphambili zamadolo |
| DTN | Ukwaphuka okukude (kufuphi nejoyinti leqakala) | Multi-directional distal locking, imelana nokunciphisa |
| Isikhonkwane esisemgangathweni | I-Mid-shaft i-fractures elula | Ukusebenza okulula, okonga imali |
Drilling Instruments : Ibandakanya ii-drill bits, i-reamers, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ngokuthe ngqo ukugaya amathambo.
Izixhobo zokuJonga : Izixhobo zokubeka kunye nokukhokela ukomba okanye ukufakwa kofakelo, njengeingcingo zesikhokelo, imikhono yesikhokelo, kunye nezixhobo ezijolise kuyo.
Izixhobo zoLungiso : Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa, ukutshixa, okanye ukulungelelanisa izifakelo, ezifana neendawo ezidibeneyo, i-wrenches, i-screws, kunye neehamile.
Izixhobo zokulinganisa : Izixhobo zokulinganisa ubunzulu, ukubeka, okanye ukuncedisa utyando, njengemilinganiselo yobunzulu, i-forceps yokunciphisa, kunye ne-bone awls (AWL).
Ukuvavanywa koVavanyo: I-X-ray / CT yangaphambi kokusebenza ukuqinisekisa uhlobo lokuphuka, i-medullary canal ububanzi kunye nobude, kunye nomlinganiselo we-contralateral tibia njengereferensi.
Ukuma: Isikhundla se-Supine kunye ne-knee flexion 90 ° -120 ° kunye nokunyuswa kwe-hip encinci (ukunciphisa i-patellar tendon tension). Isakhelo se-radiolucent esingunxantathu sinokuxhasa i-popliteal fossa yokutsala.
I-Sterile Draping: Ukwenziwa inzala kwelungu eliqhelekileyo kunye nokudonsa, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwe-C-arm.
I-Manual Traction: Umncedisi usebenzisa i-longitudinal traction ngelixa ugqirha we-surgeon palpates i-tibial crest kunye ne-anteromedial surface ukulungelelanisa ukulungelelaniswa (ubude, ukujikeleza, i-angulation).
Isixhobo-siNceda:
I-Joystick Technique: Izikrufu ze-Schanz ezifakwe kwi-proximal/distal fragments zokunciphisa i-lever.
I-Percutaneous Clamping: I-forceps yokunciphisa i-oblique / spiral fractures.
Isiphazamisi: Isiphazamisi esikhulu esibekwe nge-coronally (i-proximal Schanz screw parallel to tibial plateau, i-distal pin kwi-talus okanye i-distal tibia) ukugcina ubude.
Iimpawu zomhlaba:
Indawo yokungena ye-1cm kude ukuya kumda we-tibial plateau edge, ehambelana ne-medullary axis.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Fluoroscopic: Umbono we-AP uhambelana ne-tibial crest, i-lateral view ihambelana ne-axis ye-tibial.
Izixhobo zokuvula:
I-Cannulated drill phezu kwe-guidewire (enemikhono ekhuselayo) okanye i-awl eqinileyo egobileyo.
Izixhobo zokulungisa izandla (6-8mm) zokophuka kwamathambo amadala ngokuvaleka komjelo.
I-Guidewire Placement: I-ball-tipped guidewire igobe i-10-15mm kwincam yendlela yokwaphuka. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Fluoroscopic kwi-distal physeal scar (iziko le-ankle).
UMgaqo wokuQinisekisa:
Iireamers eziguquguqukayo ziqala kwi-8mm, zinyuka nge-0.5mm ukuya kwi-cortical 'incoko' (ngokuqhelekileyo yi-1-1.5mm> i-diameter ye-nail).
Qaphela: Ukurhoxa okwethutyana kususa inkunkuma; ukuphepha i-necrosis ye-thermal.
Ukumiselwa koBude:
Umlinganiselo we-Intraoperative: Indlela ye-Guidewire overlap okanye irula ye-fluoroscopic (indawo yokungena kwilungu leqakala).
Qinisekisa ukuba incam yesikhonkwane ifikelela kwisiva se-physeal ngaphandle kokuphakama kweproximal.
Ubuchwephesha bokuFaka:
Isandla-phambili phezu kwe-guidewire; lungisa ukunciphisa ukuba ukuxhathisa kwenzeka.
Gcina ukuncitshiswa ngexesha lokuhamba kwi-distal fractures.
Isicwangciso solandelelwano
Iifractures ezizinzile ngobude: Ukutshixa okukufutshane kuqala (isikrufu esinye sivumela ukuguqulwa kwamandla).
Ubude obungazinzanga/izaphukileyo ezikhutshwayo: Ukutshixa iDistal kuqala kulandele 'backslap' ukucinezela.
Ukutshixa okukufutshane
≥2 izikrufu ngesixhobo sokujolisa (i-multidirectional ye-proximal fractures).
Ukutshixa okukude
Ubuchule be-Fluoroscopic: Umqadi osembindini othe tyaba kwimingxuma ejijwayo ('perfect circle'), ukomba nge-percutaneous.
≥2 izikrufu zokuqhekeka kwe-distal (inokudibanisa i-AP / oblique orientations).
I-End Cap: Ufakelo olukhethwayo (luthintela ukungena kwamathambo), qinisekisa ukuba akukho protrusion edibeneyo.
Ukuvalwa Kwenxeba: Ukulungiswa kwe-tendon ye-patellar enemaleko kunye ne-sutures ekhululekileyo engaphantsi kwesikhumba.
Ukubuyiselwa kwisimo sangaphambili:
Ukuphakama kwemilenze; esweni i-compartment syndrome ngaphakathi kwe-24hrs.
Qalisa ukuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo (iipompo ze-ankle, ukuguqa kwamadolo) kwi-POD 1-2.
Umgaqo woKuthwala ubunzima:
Ukuthwala ubunzima obuthile kwiiveki ze-6 (ukulungiswa ngokuzinza), ukuqhubela phambili xa kuvela i-callus.
Ukulandelela: Uvavanyo lweklinikhi / lwe-radiological kwi-2, i-6, kunye neeveki ze-12.
Ikomkhulu: Raynham, Massachusetts, USA
Iimveliso zeFlegi:
Ingcali yeTibial Nail (ETN) - Yenzelwe ukuzinza kwiifractures eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-tibial.
I-T2 Tibial Nail-Inikezela ukulungiswa okuphuculweyo kunye noxinzelelo.
Amandla aPhambili: I-R & D eyomeleleyo, ukuhanjiswa kwehlabathi jikelele, kunye nokudibanisa kunye nezisombululo zentlungu.
Ikomkhulu: Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
Iimveliso zeFlegi:
I-T2 Tibial Nail - Inkqubo ye-Modular ye-tibial shaft fractures.
I-Gamma3 Tibial Nail-Idibanisa i-intramedullary nailing kunye neendlela zokutshixa.
Amandla aPhambili: I-robotics ephucukileyo (i-Mako), izisombululo ezincinci, kunye nephothifoliyo ye-trauma eyomeleleyo.
Ikomkhulu: London, UK
Iimveliso zeFlegi:
I-TRIGEN Tibial Nail -Yenzelwe ukuba kube lula ukufakwa kunye nokuzinza.
I-IM Tibial Nail - Ukulungiswa kwe-Intramedullary ye-tibial fractures.
Amandla aPhambili: Gxininisa kumayeza ezemidlalo kunye nokwenzakala, izinto ezintsha.
Ikomkhulu: Changzhou, China
Iimveliso zeFlegi:
I-Distal Tibial Intramedullary Nail (DTN) - Elungiselelwe ukuphuka kwe-distal.
Ingcali ye-Tibia Intramedullary Nail - Uyilo oluphezulu lwe-titanium alloy alloy.
Indlela ye-Suprapatellar ye-Tibial Intramedullary Nail - Ukufakwa kancinci kancinci.
I-Tibial Intramedullary Nail -Iinketho zokulungiswa kwezinto ezininzi.
Amandla aPhambili: izisombululo ezingabizi kakhulu, ukwandisa ubukho behlabathi.
Ikomkhulu: Warsaw, Indiana, USA
Iimveliso zeFlegi:
I-ZNN Tibial Nail - Uyilo lwe-anatomic lokuphucula ukufaneleka.
Inkqubo yezikhonkwane zeNdalo – Ilinganisa ubuchwephesha bamathambo endalo.
Amandla aPhambili: Omelele ekwakhiweni ngokutsha ngokudibeneyo, ukuhlanganiswa kwebhayoloji, kunye nezisombululo zomntu.
Ikomkhulu: Lewisville, Texas, USA
Iimveliso zeFlegi:
I-LON ye-Tibial Nail (I-Lateral Orthopedic Nail) - Yenzelwe indlela yokungena ecaleni.
Amandla aPhambili: Okukhethekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwamathambo, ukulungiswa kokukhubazeka kwemilenze.
I-CZMEDITECH inikezela ngezisombululo ezibanzi ze-tibial nailing for proximal, distal, kunye neefractures ezintsonkothileyo, ezinoyilo oluyilayo (umzekelo, ukutshixa ngeendlela ezininzi, indlela ye-suprapatellar) ethelekiswa neempawu ezihamba phambili zehlabathi kwi-biomechanics kunye neziphumo zekliniki.