Maikutlo: 0 Mongoli: Nako ea Phatlalatso ea Mohlophisi oa Sebaka: 2025-07-07 Tšimoloho: Sebaka
Tibial shaft ke e 'ngoe ea libaka tse tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho robeha, e leng karolo ea 13.7% ea fractures eohle' meleng. The distal tibia e na le litšobotsi tsa anatomical tse kang matšeliso a fokolang a phepelo ea mali le tšireletso e fokolang ea lisele tse bonolo. Hang ha ho robeha ho etsahala, tšenyo ea lisele tse bonolo le phepelo ea mali ea lehae e senyehile e ka eketsa bothata ba ho fola ha fracture. Ho phaella moo, monyetla o moholo oa ho robeha ha fibula ka nako e le 'ngoe le ho hloka botsitso ho etsa hore khetho ea mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho buuoa e be oa bohlokoa.
Karolo e ka holimo ea lehare la tibial e bohareng ho isa holimo e na le khutlo-tharo, ha karolo e ka tlaase ea boraro e le quadrilateral. Khokahano ea karolo ea boraro e bohareng le e tlase e batla e le moqotetsane 'me e emela phetoho ea sebopeho, e leng se etsang hore e be sebaka se tloaelehileng sa ho robeha.
Karolo ea boraro e ka pele ea tibia e koahetsoe ke letlalo feela ntle le ho koahela mesifa, e leng ho etsang hore ho be bonolo ho bula maqhetsoana moo likaroloana tsa masapo li phunyeletsang letlalo. Esita le ka fractures e koetsoeng, boholo ba fractures ea tibial e tsamaisana le tšenyo ea letlalo le lisele tse ka tlas'a letlalo. Bohareng ba tibia ha bo na tšireletso ea mesifa, 'me ho na le likarolo tse' nè tsa fascial tse potolohileng tibia le fibula. Ketsahalo ea compartment syndrome e phahame ho fractures ea tibial ha e bapisoa le fractures tse ling.
Sehlopha sa AO/OTA sa linomoro tsa Searabia se khetholla ho robeha ha shaft ea tibial e le 4 (tibia) 2 (shaft). Mofuta oa A o lumellana le ho robeha habonolo ka mohala o le mong oa ho robeha, e leng mofuta o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa. Mofuta oa B o robeha o na le sekhechana se mahareng se bōpehileng joaloka cheche. Ho robeha ha mofuta oa C ho bakoa ke ts'oaetso e matla ea matla 'me ke ho robeha ha likarolo.
Mofuta oa I: Bolelele ba leqeba bo ka tlase ho 1 cm, hangata ke leqeba le hloekileng le batlang le hloekile 'me ntlha ea lesapo e hlahella letlalong. Tšenyo ea lisele tse bonolo ha e nyane, ha ho na kotsi e sithabetsang. Ho robeha ho bonolo, ho pota-pota, kapa oblique e khutšoanyane, ntle le ho tsitsa.
Mofuta oa II: Leqeba le feta 1 cm, le na le tšenyo e kholo ea lisele tse bonolo empa ha ho na ho tsosoa kapa ho thehoa ha lepheo. Lithane tse bonolo li bonts'a kotsi e sithabetsang e bobebe ho isa ho e leka-lekaneng, tšilafalo e itekanetseng, le ts'ebetso e itekanetseng ea ho robeha.
Mofuta oa IIIA: Ho sa tsotellehe kotsi e kholo ea ho tsosoa kapa ho etsoa ha sekhahla, kapa ts'oaetso e matla ea matla ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba leqeba, ho na le tšireletso e lekaneng ea lisele tse bonolo holim'a fracture.
Mofuta oa IIIB: Ho senyeha ho hoholo ha lisele tse bonolo le tahlehelo, ka ho hlobola ha periosteal le lesapo le pepeneneng, ho tsamaisana le tšilafalo e matla.
Mofuta oa IIIC: E amahanngoa le kotsi ea methapo e hlokang ho lokisoa.
Liphekolo tse sa buuoeng bakeng sa fractures ea tibial li kenyelletsa li-braces, plaster ea ka ntle ea ho lokisa, ho hula, ho fokotsa matsoho, le tšebeliso ea liforeimi tsa ho lokisa ka ntle. Likhetho tsa ho buoa li kenyelletsa ho lokisa lipoleiti tse notletsoeng le lipekere tsa intramedullary, har'a tse ling.
Ho lokisa lipekere tsa Intramedullary ho ratoa ke lingaka tse ngata tsa masapo a sithabetsang ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea eona e bonolo ea ho buoa, likarolo tse nyane, ts'oaetso e fokolang, le ho tlosoa ha lenala ha bonolo ka mor'a ho fola ha fracture. E fana ka ts'ebetso e matla ea ka hare, e lumellang ho ikoetlisa pele ho ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso le ho qoba mathata a sebaka le a tsamaiso. Melemo ena e lumellana le melao-motheo ea AO ea phekolo.
Anterior oblique cutting in proximal end e thibela ho teneha ho patellar ligament.
Moralo oa ho notlela oa proximal o eketsa botsitso bo lakatsehang bakeng sa sekhechana sa proximal.
Khetho ea ho notlela distal oblique ho thibela tšenyo ea lisele tse bonolo le ho eketsa botsitso ba sekhechana sa distal.
Sekurufu sa ho notlela se entsoeng ka khoele e nang le loto e habeli bakeng sa ho kenya habonolo.
Moralo oa ho notlela bakeng sa ho lokisa ka matla, ho fokotsa ho kheloha ha sekhechana sa postoperative.
Lintlha tse ngata tsa ho lokisa li fana ka botsitso ba angular le tšehetso e tsitsitseng bakeng sa tibial palteau.
Sesebelisoa se na le ts'ebetso ea ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, ka liphetoho tsa eona tsa morphological tse bontšitsoeng lipapisong tlas'a maemo a mabeli pele ho khatello (boemo bo hlephileng) le maemo a morao-rao (a kentsoeng ka thata).
Mekhoa e mengata ea ho lokisa ho tloha ho proximal le distal, e bonts'a maqheka a ho qetela le a distal tibial fractures.
Karolo e ka thōko ea lenala le leholo e na le moralo o bataletseng, o nolofalletsang ho kenngoa ha bonolo ka har'a mokokotlo oa medulla.
Li-angular locking screws tse qetellong ea proximal li thibela ho potoloha le ho falla ha karolo ea ho robeha.
Mokokotlo o khethehileng oa anatomical o netefatsa hore lenala le ka sehloohong le behiloe hantle ka har'a mokokotlo oa medulla.
Likurufu tse tharo tse notlelang li-angle tse koalehang pheletsong ea distal li fana ka tšehetso e sebetsang le ho lokisa.
E loketse boholo ba fractures ea tibial shaft (midshaft le tse ling tsa distal / proximal fractures), athe mefuta e meng (mohlala, DTN kapa Expert Nail) e etselitsoe libaka tse itseng tsa anatomical kapa fractures e rarahaneng.
Mokhoa o tloaelehileng (parapatellar kapa transpatellar) o latela mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng hantle o nang le sekhahla se tlaase sa ho ithuta, athe mekhoa e khethehileng (mohlala, suprapatellar) e hloka koetliso e eketsehileng ea theknoloji.
Ha li bapisoa le lipekere tse khethehileng tse kang Setsebi sa Nail kapa DTN, lipekere tse tloaelehileng tsa tibial intramedullary hangata li theko e tlaase, li etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa linyeoe tse tloaelehileng.
E lumellana le lisebelisoa tsa bokahohleng (mohlala, li-screws, lisebelisoa tse lebisitsoeng), athe lipekere tse khethehileng (mohlala, Nail ea Setsebi e nang le mekhoa e mengata ea ho notlela) e ka hloka lisebelisoa tsa botho.
| Type | Best Lipontšo | Core Melemo |
|---|---|---|
| Setsebi Nail | Ho robeha ha shaft e rarahaneng, lefu la ho fokola ha masapo | Multi-planar notlela, botsitso bo phahameng |
| Nail ea Suprapatellar | Proximal fractures, bakuli ba batenya | Mokhoa oa Suprapatellar, o fokotsa mathata a pele a lengole |
| DTN | Distal fractures (haufi le manonyeletso a maqaqailaneng) | Multi-directional distal locking, e hanela ho khutsufatsa |
| Nail e Tloaelehileng | Li-fractures tse bonolo tsa bohareng ba shaft | Ts'ebetso e bonolo, e bolokang chelete e ngata |
Lisebelisoa tsa ho Drilling : E kenyelletsa likotoana tsa ho phunya, li-reamer, le lisebelisoa tse ling tse sebelisoang ka kotloloho bakeng sa ho phunya masapo.
Targeting Devices : Lisebelisoa tsa ho beha le ho tataisa ho cheka kapa ho kenya li-implant, joalo ka lithapo tsa tataiso, matsoho a tataisang, le lisebelisoa tse lebisitsoeng.
Fixation Instruments : Lisebelisoa tse sebelisetsoang ho hokahanya, ho notlela, kapa ho lokisa li-implants, tse kang li-universal joints, wrenches, screws, le lihamore.
Lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya : Lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya botebo, boemo, kapa ho thusa ho buuoa, tse kang litekanyo tse tebileng, matla a ho fokotsa, le li-awls tsa masapo (AWL).
Tlhahlobo ea ho Ingoaea: Pele ho ts'ebetso ea X-ray / CT ho netefatsa mofuta oa fracture, medulla canal bophara le bolelele, ka tekanyo ea contralateral tibia e le boitsebiso.
Positioning: Sebaka sa supine se nang le lengole la 90 ° -120 ° le ho kenngoa ha letheka hanyenyane (ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea patellar tendon). Foreimi ea radiolucent e khutlotharo e ka ts'ehetsa popliteal fossa bakeng sa ho hula.
Sterile Draping: Ho thibela maoto le matsoho ho tloaelehileng, ho netefatsa hore letsoho la C le tsamaea.
Manual Traction: Mothusi o sebelisa mokhoa oa longitudinal ha ngaka e buoang e palama tibial crest le anteromedial surface ho lokisa ho lumellana (bolelele, ho potoloha, ho fokotseha).
Thuso ea Seletsa:
Mokhoa oa Joystick: Li-screw tsa Schanz tse kentsoeng ka har'a likhechana tsa proximal / distal bakeng sa ho fokotsa lehare.
Percutaneous Clamping: Li-forceps tse hlakileng tsa ho fokotsa ho robeha ha oblique/spiral.
Distractor: Setsietsi se seholo se behiloe coronally (proximal Schanz screw parallel to tibial plateau, distal pin in talus kapa distal tibia) ho boloka bolelele.
Libaka:
Sebaka sa ho kena 1cm distal ho ea anterior tibial plateau bohale, e tsamaellanang le medullary axis.
Netefatso ea Fluoroscopic: Pono ea AP e lumellana le tibial crest, pono ea lateral e tšoana le tibial axis.
Lisebelisoa tsa ho Bula:
Boro e entsoeng ka makotikoting holim'a terata ea tataiso (e nang le letsoho le sireletsang) kapa thapo e thata e kobehileng.
Li-reamers tsa letsoho (6-8mm) bakeng sa maqheka a khale a koalehileng kanale.
Tataiso ea ho beoa: Wire e nang le ntlha e nang le bolo e kobehileng 10-15mm ntlheng ea ho robeha. Netefatso ea fluoroscopic ho distal physeal scar (bohareng ba maqaqailana).
Reaming Protocol:
Li-reamer tse feto-fetohang li qala ho 8mm, li eketseha ka 0.5mm ho fihlela cortical 'chatter' (hangata 1-1.5mm> bophara ba manala).
Tlhokomeliso: Ho tsoa ka nakoana ho tlosa lithōle; qoba necrosis ea mocheso.
Boikemisetso ba Bolelele:
Tekanyo ea Intraoperative: Mokhoa oa ho kopana oa Guidewire kapa rula ea fluoroscopic (ho kena lenonyeletsong la maqaqailana).
Etsa bonnete ba hore ntlha ea manala e fihla lebaleng la physeal ntle le proximal protrusion.
Mokhoa oa ho Kena:
Hand-advance over guidewire; lokisa phokotso haeba khanyetso e etsahala.
Boloka phokotso nakong ea ho feta bakeng sa fractures ea distal.
Leano la Tatelano
Ho robeha ha nako e telele: Ho notlela nako e telele pele (sekoti se le seng se lumella matla a matla).
Bolelele bo sa tsitsang / bo sa khaotseng: Ho notlela ka thōko pele ho lateloa ke 'backslap' ho hatella.
Proximal Locking
≥2 screws ka sesebediswa se lebisitsoeng (multidirectional bakeng sa fractures proximal).
Ho notlela ka thōko
Mokhoa oa Fluoroscopic: Beam e bohareng perpendicular to screw holes ('perfect circle'), percutaneous drilling.
≥2 li-screw bakeng sa fractures ea distal (e ka kopanya mekhoa ea AP / oblique).
Sekoahelo sa Qetello: Ho kenya ka boikhethelo (ho thibela ho kena ha masapo), etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho na lenonyeletso le hlahang.
Ho Koala Leqeba: Ho lokisoa ha tendon ea patellar e nang le lesela le nang le li-sutures tse hlephileng.
Tsosoloso ea Pele:
Ho phahama ha maoto; leihlo bakeng sa compartment syndrome nakong ea lihora tse 24.
Qala ts'ebetso e sebetsang e kopanetsoeng (lipompo tsa maqaqailana, ho phunya lengole) ho POD 1-2.
Boima ba Boima:
Ho jara boima ba 'mele bakeng sa libeke tse 6 (ho lokisoa ho ea ka botsitso), ho tsoela pele ho tlala ha callus e hlaha.
Latela-morao: Tlhahlobo ea kliniki / radiological ho 2, 6, le libeke tse 12.
Ntlo-khōlō: Raynham, Massachusetts, USA
Lihlahisoa tsa Flagship:
Setsebi sa Tibial Nail (ETN) - E etselitsoe ho ba le botsitso ho fractures e rarahaneng ea tibial.
T2 Tibial Nail - E fana ka ntlafatso e ntlafalitsoeng le compression.
Matla a Bohlokoa: R & D e matla, kabo ea lefats'e, le ho kopanya le tharollo ea mahlomola.
Ntlo-khōlō: Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
Lihlahisoa tsa Flagship:
T2 Tibial Nail - Modular system bakeng sa fractures ea tibial shaft.
Gamma3 Tibial Nail - E kopanya lipekere tsa intramedullary le likhetho tsa ho notlela.
Matla a Bohlokoa: Liroboto tse tsoetseng pele (Mako), litharollo tse hlaselang ka mokhoa o fokolang, le photefolio e matla ea khatello ea maikutlo.
Ntlo-khōlō: London, UK
Lihlahisoa tsa Flagship:
TRIGEN Tibial Nail - E etselitsoe hore ho be bonolo ho kenya le ho tsitsisa.
IM Tibial Nail - Intramedullary fixation bakeng sa fractures ea tibial.
Matla a Bohlokoa: Tsepamisa maikutlo ho meriana ea lipapali le ho sithabela maikutlo, lisebelisoa tse ncha.
Ntlo-khōlō: Changzhou, Chaena
Lihlahisoa tsa Flagship:
Nail ea Distal Tibial Intramedullary (DTN) - E ntlafalitsoe bakeng sa ho robeha ha distal.
Setsebi sa Tibia Intramedullary Nail - Moralo oa alloy alloy ea matla a phahameng a titanium.
Mokhoa oa Suprapatellar Ho atamela Tibial Intramedullary Nail - Ho kenngoa ho fokolang ho fokolang.
Tibial Intramedullary Nail - Likhetho tse fapaneng tsa ho lokisa.
Matla a Bohlokoa: litharollo tse theko e tlaase, ho holisa boteng ba lefats'e.
Ntlo-khōlō: Warsaw, Indiana, USA
Lihlahisoa tsa Flagship:
ZNN Tibial Nail - Moralo oa anatomic bakeng sa ho lekana hantle.
Tsamaiso ea Nail ea Tlhaho - E etsisa mekhoa ea masapo a tlhaho.
Matla a Bohlokoa: E matla kahong bocha e kopaneng, kopanyo ea biologics, le tharollo ea motho ka mong.
Ntlo-khōlō: Lewisville, Texas, USA
Lihlahisoa tsa Flagship:
LON Tibial Nail (Lateral Orthopedic Nail) - E etselitsoe mokhoa oa ho kena ka mahlakoreng.
Matla a Bohlokwa: E kgethehileng ka ho susumetsa kgolo ya masapo, tokiso ya ho holofala ha ditho.
CZMEDITECH e fana ka litharollo tse felletseng tsa litharollo tsa lipekere bakeng sa maqheka a proximal, distal, le a rarahaneng, a nang le meralo e ncha (mohlala, ho notlela ka mahlakoreng a mangata, mokhoa oa suprapatellar) o bapisoang le lihlahisoa tse etelletseng pele lefatšeng ka bophara ho biomechanics le liphetho tsa bongaka.
Lihlahisoa