Views: 0 Author: Site Editor A chhuah hun: 2025-07-07 A chhuahna: Hmun
Tibial shaft hi ruh tliak tamna hmun pakhat a ni a, taksa ruh tliak zawng zawng zinga 13.7% a ni. Distal tibia hian anatomical characteristics a nei a, chu chu thisen supply compensation tha lo leh soft tissue coverage tlem ber a ni. Vawikhat ruh tliak a awm chuan soft tissue tihchhiat leh tualchhung thisen supply tihchhiat hian ruh tliak dam harsatna a tipung thei a ni. Tin, concurrent fibular fractures leh instability awm theihna a sang avangin surgical approach dik tak thlan a pawimawh hle bawk.
Mid-to-upper tibial shaft cross-section chu triangular a ni a, a hnuai lam third chu quadrilateral a ni thung. Middle leh lower thirds inzawmna hi a tawi hle a, a pianzia inthlak danglamna a entir a, hei vang hian fracture awmna hmun tlangpui a ni.
Tibia hmalam pathumna chu taksa peng (muscle coverage) nei lo vunin chauhin a khuh a, chu chuan ruh chi hrang hrangin vun a tihchhiatna hmunah chuan open fracture a nei awlsam hle. Closed fracture-ah pawh tibial fracture tam zawk hi vun leh subcutaneous tissue tihchhiatna nen a inzawm a ni. Mid-tibia hian muscle coverage a nei lo a, tibia leh fibula vel hi fascial compartment pali a awm bawk. Compartment syndrome vei hi tibial fracture-ah hian fracture dang nena khaikhin chuan a tam zawk.
AO/OTA Arabic numeral classification chuan tibial shaft fracture chu 4 (tibia) 2 (shaft) tiin a tarlang. Type A hi fracture line pakhat neia fracture awlsam tak nen a inmil a, chu chu a tam ber a ni. Type B fracture-ah hian a inkar (intermediate wedge) ang chi fragment a awm a. Type C fracture hi high-energy trauma avanga lo awm a ni a, comminuted segmental fracture a ni.
Type I: Hliam sei zawng cm 1 aia tlem lo, a tlangpuiin puncture hliam thianghlim deuh, ruh tip vun atanga rawn chhuak a ni. Soft tissue chhiatna hi a tlem hle a, crushing injury a awm lo. Fracture hi a simple, transverse emaw short oblique emaw a ni a, comminution a awm lo.
Type II: Hliam hi cm 1 aia sei a ni a, soft tissue a tichhia nasa zawk a, mahse avulsion emaw flap emaw a awm lo. Soft tissue hian crushing injury mild to moderate, contamination moderate, leh fracture comminution moderate a lantir thin.
Type IIIA: Avulsion injury nasa tak emaw flap formation emaw, emaw high-energy trauma emaw hliam lian leh te pawh nise, fracture chungah soft tissue coverage tling tak a awm.
Type IIIB: Soft tissue nasa taka chhiatna leh hloh, periosteal stripping leh ruh langsar, contamination nasa tak nen.
Type IIIC: Arterial injury siamthat ngai nen a inzawm.
Tibial fracture-a non-surgical treatment-ah chuan braces, plaster external fixation, traction, manual reduction, leh external fixation frame hman te a tel. Surgical option hrang hrangah hian locked plate internal fixation leh intramedullary nailing te, a dangte pawh a tel.
Intramedullary nailing fixation hi trauma orthopedic surgeon tam tak chuan an duh ber a, a chhan chu a surgical procedure awlsam tak, incision te te, trauma tlem te, leh fracture healing hnua nail awlsam taka lakchhuah theih a nih vang a ni. Internal fixation chak tak a pe a, postoperative functional exercise hmasa ber a siamsak a, local leh systemic complications a veng thei bawk. Heng thatnate hi enkawlna atana AO principle nen a inmil hle.
Proximal end-a anterior oblique cutting hian patellar ligament a ti na thei lo.
Advance proximal locking design hian proximal fragment tan stability duhthusam a tipung a ni.
Distal oblique locking option hmangin soft tissue chhiatna a veng a, distal fragment stability a ti sang bawk.
Locking screw chu double lead thread hmanga design a ni a, a luh awlsam zawk nan.
Locking design hmanga fixation chak zawk, postoperative fragment dislocation tihtlem.
Multi points of fixation hian tibial palteau tan angular stability leh stable support a pe a ni.
Device hian adaptive adjustment function a nei a, a morphological changes chu pre-compression (loose state) leh post-compression (tightly fitted) condition pahnih hnuaiah illustrations-ah a lang a ni.
Proximal leh distal atanga multi fixation method hmangin, proximal leh distal tibial fracture hnuhnung ber a awm tih a tarlang.
Main nail distal end hian flat design a nei a, medullary cavity chhungah awlsam taka dah theih a ni.
Proximal end-a angular locking screw pahnih chuan fracture segment chu rotation leh displacement a veng thei a ni.
Special anatomical curvature hmangin main nail chu medullary cavity chhungah a awm tha ber a ni.
Distal end-a intersecting angle locking screw pathum chuan support leh fixation tha tak a pe a ni.
Tibial shaft fracture tam zawk (midshaft leh distal/proximal fracture thenkhat) tan a tha a, chi dang (eg, DTN emaw Expert Nail) erawh chu specific anatomical region emaw complex fracture emaw atan siam a ni thung.
Standard approach (parapatellar emaw transpatellar) hian zirlai curve hniam zawk neiin kalphung mumal tak a zawm a, chutih laiin specialized approach (eg, suprapatellar) erawh chuan technical training dang a mamawh thung.
Expert Nail emaw DTN ang chi specialized nail nena khaikhin chuan standard tibial intramedullary nail hi a tlangpuiin a man tlawm zawk a, hei vang hian routine case atan pawh a tha hle.
Universal instrumentation (eg, locking screw, targeting devices) nena inmil, chutih laiin specialized nail (eg, Expert Nail multi-directional locking system nei) erawh chuan proprietary tools a mamawh thei thung.
| Type | tha ber berte | Core Advantages |
|---|---|---|
| Expert Nail a ni | Shaft fracture complex tak tak, ruh natna (osteoporosis) a awm | Multi-planar locking, stability sang tak a ni |
| Suprapatellar Nail hmanga siam a ni | Proximal fractures, thau lutuk damlo te | Suprapatellar approach, khup hmalam harsatna a tihziaawm |
| DTN a ni | Distal fractures (ankle joint bulah) a awm a. | Multi-directional distal locking, tih tawi a do thei |
| Standard Nail hmanga siam a ni | Mid-shaft-ah chuan simple fractures a awm | Operation awlsam tak, man tlawm zawk |
Drilling Instruments : Drill bit, reamer, leh ruh drilling atana hman tur direct-a hmanraw dangte a tel.
Targeting Devices : Drill emaw implant dahna hmun tur leh kaihhruaina hmanrua, guide wire, guide sleeve, leh aiming device te.
Fixation Instruments : Implant inzawmkhawmna, lock emaw siamremna atana hmanraw, universal joint, wrench, screw, leh hammer te.
Measuring Tools : Depth tehna, positioning emaw surgery-a puitu hmanrua, depth gauges, reduction forceps, leh bone awls (AWL) te.
Imaging Evaluation: Fracture chi, medullary canal diameter leh sei zawng hriat chian nan Preoperative X-ray/CT hmangin, contralateral tibia tehna chu reference atan hman a ni.
Positioning: Supine position-ah khup flexion 90°-120° leh hip adduction tlem (patellar tendon tension tihziaawmna turin). Triangular radiolucent frame hian popliteal fossa chu traction atan a support thei a ni.
Sterile Draping: Standard limb sterilization leh draping hmanga tih a ni a, C-arm mobility a awm theih nan.
Manual Traction: Assistant hian longitudinal traction a hmang a, surgeon chuan tibial crest leh anteromedial surface te chu palpate in alignment (length, rotation, angulation) a siamrem thung.
Instrument hmanga puih theih:
Joystick Technique: Lever tihtlem nan proximal/distal fragment-ah Schanz screw dah a ni.
Percutaneous Clamping: Oblique/spiral fracture te tan pointed reduction forceps hman a ni.
Distractor: Distractor lian tak chu a sei zawng vawng reng turin coronally (proximal Schanz screw parallel to tibial plateau, distal pin in talus emaw distal tibia) dah a ni.
Hmun pawimawh tak tak:
Entry point chu anterior tibial plateau edge atanga 1cm distal a ni a, medullary axis nen a inmil a ni.
Fluoroscopic confirmation: AP view chu tibial crest nen a inmil a, lateral view chu tibial axis nen a inmil bawk.
Hawnna hmanrua: 1.1.
Guidewire (protective sleeve nei) emaw curved solid awl emaw chungah cannulated drill hmanga siam a ni.
Canal occlusion nei fracture hlui tan hand reamers (6-8mm) hman a ni.
Guidewire dahna: Ball-tipped guidewire chu a tip-ah 10-15mm a ben a, fracture kal theihna turin. Distal physeal scar (ankle center)-ah fluoroscopic hmanga nemngheh a ni.
Reaming Protocol chu: 1.1.
Flexible reamers 8mm atanga tan, 0.5mm increment in cortical 'chatter' (a tlangpuiin 1-1.5mm > nail diameter) thlengin.
Note: Intermittent withdrawal hian bawlhhlawh a tifai a; thermal necrosis tih loh tur.
A sei zawng tihfel dan:
Intraoperative measurement: Guidewire overlap method emaw fluoroscopic ruler (ankle joint thlenga luhna hmun) emaw hmanga tehna.
Nail tip chu physeal scar thlengin proximal protrusion awm lovin enfiah rawh.
Insertion hman dan: 1.1.
Guidewire chungah kut hmanga hmalak; resistance a awm chuan reduction siamrem rawh.
Distal fractures tan passage laiin reduction vawng reng ang che.
Sequence hman dan tur ruahmanna (Sequence Strategy) a ni
Length-stable fractures: Proximal locking hmasa ber (screw pakhat hmangin dynamization a awm thei).
Length-unstable/comminuted fractures: Distal locking hmasa ber chu 'backslap' hmanga compress turin.
Proximal Locking a ni
≥2 screws chu aiming device hmangin (proximal fracture tan multidirectional) a ni.
Distal Locking a ni
Fluoroscopic technique: Central beam chu screw hole-a perpendicular ('perfect circle'), vun hmanga drilling.
Distal fracture (AP/oblique orientations inzawmkhawm thei) tan screw ≥2.
End Cap: Optional insertion (bony ingrowth a veng), joint protrusion awm lo turin enfiah rawh.
Hliam khar: Layered patellar tendon siamthat a ni a, subcutaneous sutures loose tak tak a awm bawk.
Rehabilitation hmasa ber: 1.1.
Limb sang lutuk; 24hrs chhungin compartment syndrome a awm leh awm loh enfiah thin ang che.
POD 1-2 ah hian active joint mobilization (ankle pump, khup flexion) tan tir thin ang che.
A rit zawng tehna Protocol:
Kar 6 chhung partial weight-bearing (adjusted per stability), callus a lo lan chuan full-ah a kal zel.
Follow-Up: Kar 2, 6, leh 12-ah clinical/radiological evaluation neih a ni.
Headquarters: Raynham, Massachusetts, USA-a awm a ni
Flagship Products te chu:
Expert Tibial Nail (ETN) – Tibial fracture complex tak takah stability atana siam a ni.
T2 Tibial Nail – Fixation leh compression tihchakna a pe thei.
Thiltihtheihna pawimawh tak tak: R&D chak tak, khawvel pum huapa sem darh, leh trauma solutions nena inzawmna.
Headquarters: Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA-a awm a ni
Flagship Products te chu:
T2 Tibial Nail – Tibial shaft tihchhiatna atana modular system.
Gamma3 Tibial Nail – Intramedullary nailing leh locking option te a thlunzawm.
Thil chakna pawimawh: Robotics hmasawn (Mako), solutions invasive tlem ber, leh trauma portfolio chak tak.
Headquarters: London, UK-ah a awm a
Flagship Products te chu:
TRIGEN Tibial Nail – A luh awlsamna leh a nghet theih nan siam a ni.
IM Tibial Nail – Tibial ruh tliak a awm chuan intramedullary fixation a ni.
Thil chakna pawimawh: Sports medicine leh trauma, thil thar siamna lam ngaihtuah.
Headquarters: China ram Changzhou-ah a awm a
Flagship Products te chu:
Distal Tibial Intramedullary Nail (DTN) – Distal fracture tan pawh a tha ber.
Expert Tibia Intramedullary Nail – Titanium alloy design chakna sang tak nei.
Suprapatellar Approach Tibial Intramedullary Nail – A rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah em em bawk a.
Tibial Intramedullary Nail – Fixation atana hmanraw tangkai tak tak.
Key Strengths: solution man tlawm zawk, khawvel pum huapa awmna tihpun.
Headquarters: Warsaw, Indiana, USA-ah a awm a
Flagship Products te chu:
ZNN Tibial Nail – Fit tha zawk nan anatomic design a ni.
Natural Nail System – Natural ruh mechanics ang chi a ni.
Thil chakna pawimawh: Joint reconstruction, biologics integration, leh personalized solutions lama chak.
Headquarters: Lewisville, Texas, USA-a awm a ni
Flagship Products te chu:
LON Tibial Nail (Lateral Orthopedic Nail) – Lateral entry approach atana siam a ni.
Key Strengths: Ruh thanna tichaktu, limb deformity siamthatna lama tui tak a ni.
CZMEDITECH hian proximal, distal, leh complex fracture tan tibial nailing solution kimchang tak a pe a, design thar (eg, multi-directional locking, suprapatellar approach) hmangin biomechanics leh clinical outcomes lama khawvel puma brand lar tak takte nen tehkhin theih a ni.
Thil siam chhuah te