Ku langutiwa: 0 Mutsari: Muhleri wa Sayiti Nkarhi wo kandziyisa: 2025-07-07 Masungulo: Ndhawu
Tibial shaft i yin’wana ya tindzhawu leti talaka ku tshoveka, yi endla 13.7% wa ku tshoveka hinkwako emirini. Distal tibia yina swihlawulekisi swa anatomical swofana na compensation yoka yingari kahle ya mphakelo wa ngati xikan’we naku funengetiwa ka ti soft tissue letintsongo. Loko ku tshoveka ku humelerile, ku onhaka ka tinyama to olova ni mphakelo wa ngati wa ndhawu leyi nga ekhombyeni swi nga engetela ku tika ka ku hola ka ku tshoveka. Ku engetela kwalaho, ku koteka lokukulu ka ku tshoveka ka fibular hi nkarhi wun’we ni ku nga tshamiseki swi endla leswaku ku hlawuriwa ka endlelo leri faneleke ra vuhandzuri swi va swa nkoka.
Xiphemu xo tsemakanya xa tibial shaft yale xikarhi kuya e henhla i triangular, kasi yale hansi ya vunharhu i quadrilateral. Ku hlangana ka swiphemu swa vunharhu swa le xikarhi na swa le hansi swi komile swinene naswona swi yimela ku cinca ka xivumbeko, leswi endlaka leswaku yiva ndzhawu leyi tolovelekeke ya ku tshoveka.
Xiphemu xa vunharhu xa le mahlweni xa tibia xi funengetiwe ntsena hi nhlonge leyi nga funengetiwiki hi misiha, leswi endlaka leswaku yi tala ku tshoveka loku pfulekeke laha swiphemu swa marhambu swi tlhavaka nhlonge. Hambi kuri eka ku tshoveka loku pfalekeke, ku tshoveka ko tala ka tibial ku fambisana na ku onhaka ka nhlonge na tissue yale hansi ka nhlonge. Mid-tibia ayi pfumala ku funengetiwa ka misiha, naswona kuna mune wa ti fascial compartments leti rhendzeleke tibia na fibula. Ku humelela ka compartment syndrome swile henhla eka ku tshoveka ka tibial loko ku pimanyisiwa na ku tshoveka kun’wana.
Ku hlawuriwa ka tinomboro ta AO/OTA Arabic ku hlawula ku tshoveka ka tibial shaft tani hi 4 (tibia) 2 (shaft). Muxaka wa A wu fambelana na ku tshoveka ko olova loku nga na layini yin’we ya ku tshoveka, ku nga muxaka lowu tolovelekeke swinene. Ti fractures ta muxaka wa B tina xiphemu xale xikarhi xa xivumbeko xa wedge. Ku tshoveka ka muxaka wa C ku vangiwa hi ku vaviseka ka matimba lamakulu naswona i ku tshoveka ka swiphemu leswi tshovekeke.
Muxaka wa I: Ku leha ka xilondza ehansi ka 1 cm, hi ntolovelo i xilondza xo tlhaviwa lexi tengeke swinene lexi nhloko ya marhambu yi humelaka ehandle hi nhlonge. Ku onhaka ka tinyama to olova i kutsongo, ku nga ri na ku vaviseka loku pfotlosaka. Ku tshoveka ka kona ku olova, ku tsemakanya kumbe ku koma ka oblique, ku nga ri na ku tshoveka.
Muxaka wa II: Xilondza xi tlula 1 cm, na ku onhaka lokukulu swinene ka ti soft tissue kambe kungari na avulsion kumbe flap formation. Tinyama to olova ti kombisa ku vaviseka ko olova kuya eka loku ringaneleke ka ku pfotlosiwa, ku thyakisa loku ringaneleke, na ku tshoveka loku ringaneleke ka ku tshoveka.
Muxaka wa IIIA: Ku nga khathariseki ku vaviseka lokukulu ka avulsion kumbe ku vumbiwa ka flap, kumbe ku vaviseka ka matimba lamakulu ku nga khathariseki vukulu bya xilondza, ku na ku funengetiwa loku ringaneleke ka tinyama to olova ehenhla ka ku tshoveka.
Muxaka wa IIIB: Ku onhaka lokukulu ka tinyama to olova na ku lahlekeriwa, na ku hluvula ka periosteal na marhambu lama nga erivaleni, leswi fambisanaka na ku thyakisa lokukulu.
Muxaka wa IIIC: Wu fambisana ni ku vaviseka ka misiha loku lavaka ku lunghisiwa.
Vutshunguri lebyi nga riki bya vuhandzuri bya ku tshoveka ka tibial byi katsa swisirhelelo, ku khoma ehandle ka pulasita, ku koka, ku hunguta hi voko, na ku tirhisiwa ka tifureme to khoma ehandle. Tindlela ta vuhandzuri ti katsa ku pfaleriwa endzeni ka pulati leyi lotleriweke na ku belela endzeni ka medullary, exikarhi ka swin’wana.
Intramedullary nailing fixation yi tsakeriwa hi madokodela yotala ya vuhandzuri bya marhambu ya trauma hikokwalaho ka endlelo ra yona ro olova ra vuhandzuri, ku tsemiwa lokuntsongo, ku vaviseka kutsongo, na ku susiwa loku olovaka ka xipikiri endzhaku ka ku hola ka ku tshoveka. Yi nyika ku khomiwa loku tiyeke ka le ndzeni, ku pfumelela ku endla vutiolori bya ntirho bya le ku sunguleni endzhaku ka vuhandzuri na ku papalata swiphiqo swa ndhawu na swa mafambiselo. Swipfuno leswi swi fambisana na misinya ya milawu ya AO ya vutshunguri.
Ku tsemiwa ka anterior oblique eka makumu ya proximal swi sivela ku hlundzuka eka patellar ligament.
Advance proximal locking design yi engetela ku tshamiseka loku lavekaka eka xiphemu xa proximal.
Distal oblique locking option ku sivela ku onhaka ka tissue yo olova xikan’we naku engetela kutshamiseka ka distal fragment.
Locking screw leyi endliweke hi double lead thread leswaku yi olova ku yi nghenisa.
Dizayini yo pfala ku tiyisisa ku tiya, ku hunguta ku tshoveka ka xiphemu xa le ndzhaku ka vuhandzuri.
Tinhla to tala ta fixation tinyika kutshamiseka ka angular xikan’we na nseketelo wo tiya eka tibial palteau.
Xitirhisiwa lexi xi na ntirho wo lulamisa lowu pfumelelanaka, na ku cinca ka xona ka xivumbeko loku kombisiweke eka swifaniso ehansi ka swiyimo swa le mahlweni ka ku tshikileriwa (xiyimo xo olova) na le ndzhaku ka ku tshikileriwa (ku ringanela swinene).
Ndlela ya multi fixation kusuka eka proximal na distal, yikomba ku tshoveka ka tibial ya proximal na distal yohetelela.
Makumu yale kule ya xipikiri lexikulu yana xivumbeko xa flat, leswi olovisaka ku nghenisiwa hiku olova eka medullary cavity.
Swikwirikiri swimbirhi swa angular locking eka makumu ya proximal swi sivela ku rhendzeleka na ku rhurha ka xiphemu xa fracture.
Ku gombonyoka ko hlawuleka ka anatomical ku tiyisisa leswaku xipikiri lexikulu xi vekiwa kahle endzeni ka medullary cavity.
Ti screws tinharhu leti hlanganisaka angle locking emakumu yale kule tinyika nseketelo lowu humelelaka xikan’we naku khoma.
Swi lulamerile eka ku tshoveka ko tala ka tibial shaft (midshaft na swin’wana swa distal/proximal fractures), kasi tinxaka tin’wana (xikombiso, DTN kumbe Expert Nail) ti endleriwe tindzhawu to karhi ta anatomical kumbe ku tshoveka loku rharhanganeke.
Endlelo ra ntolovelo (parapatellar kumbe transpatellar) ri landzelela endlelo leri simekiweke kahle leri nga na curve ya le hansi yo dyondza, kasi maendlelo yo hlawuleka (xikombiso, suprapatellar) ya lava ndzetelo wo engetela wa xithekiniki.
Loko ku pimanyisiwa na swipikiri swo hlawuleka swofana na Expert Nail kumbe DTN, swipikiri swa standard tibial intramedullary hi ntolovelo swa durha swinene, leswi endlaka leswaku swifaneleka eka swiyimo swa ntolovelo.
Swi fambisana na switirhisiwa swa misava hinkwayo (xikombiso, swikwirikiri swo pfala, switirhisiwa swo kongomisa), kasi swipikiri swo hlawuleka (xikombiso, Expert Nail leyi nga na tisisiteme to pfala ta matlhelo yo tala) swi nga ha lava switirhisiwa swa vulawuri.
| Thayipa | Swikombiso Leswinene | Swipfuno swa Nkoka |
|---|---|---|
| Mutivi wa Nail | Ku tshoveka ka shaft loku rharhanganeke, ku tsana ka marhambu | Ku pfala ka tipulani to tala, ku tshamiseka ka le henhla |
| Xipikiri xa Suprapatellar | Ku tshoveka loku nga ekusuhi, vavabyi lava nyuheleke ngopfu | Suprapatellar approach, yi hunguta swiphiqo swa matsolo yale mahlweni |
| DTN | Ku tshoveka ka le kule (ekusuhi na nhlonge ya mavoko) . | Ku pfala ka le kule loku nga ni matlhelo yo tala, ku lwisana ni ku pfuxeta |
| Xipikiri xa Xiyimo xa le Henhla | Mid-shaft ku tshoveka ko olova | Ntirho wo olova, lowu nga durhiki |
Switirhisiwa swo Bora : Swikatsa switirhisiwa swo bora, ti reamers, na switirhisiwa swin’wana leswi tirhisiwaka hiku kongoma eka ku bora marhambu.
Switirhisiwa swo kongomisa : Switirhisiwa swo veka na ku kongomisa ku bora kumbe ku vekiwa ka swilo leswi nghenisiweke, swo tanihi tintambhu to kongomisa, mavoko yo kongomisa, na switirhisiwa swo kongomisa.
Switirhisiwa Swo Tiyisisa : Switirhisiwa leswi tirhisiwaka ku hlanganisa, ku khiya kumbe ku lulamisa swilo leswi nghenisiweke, swo tanihi swihlanganisi swa misava hinkwayo, swilotlelo, swikwirikiri ni tihamula.
Switirhisiwa swo pima : Switirhisiwa swo pima vuenti, ku veka kumbe ku pfuneta eka vuhandzuri, swofana na ti depth gauges, reduction forceps, na bone awls (AWL).
Ku Kamberiwa ka Swifaniso: X-rheyi/CT ya le mahlweni ka vuhandzuri ku tiyisisa muxaka wa ku tshoveka, dyayimeta ya medullary canal na ku leha, na ku pimiwa ka tibia ya le tlhelo tanihi xikombo.
Ku vekiwa: Ku vekiwa ka supine na knee flexion 90°-120° na hip adduction nyana (ku hunguta ku tsana ka patellar tendon). Fureme ya triangular radiolucent yinga seketela popliteal fossa kuva yi koka.
Sterile Draping: Standard limb sterilization na draping, ku tiyisisa ku famba famba ka C-arm.
Manual Traction: Mupfuni u tirhisa longitudinal traction loko dokodela wa vuhandzuri a khoma tibial crest na anteromedial surface ku lulamisa alignment (ku leha, ku rhendzeleka, angulation).
Ku pfuniwa hi Switirhisiwa:
Thekiniki ya Joystick: Swikwirikiri swa Schanz swi nghenisiwa eka swiphemu swa proximal/distal ku hunguta lever.
Percutaneous Clamping: Ti forceps to hunguta leti kongomeke eka ku tshoveka ka oblique/spiral.
Distractor: Distractor leyikulu leyi vekiweke hi coronally (proximal Schanz screw parallel to tibial plateau, distal pin eka talus kumbe distal tibia) ku hlayisa ku leha.
Swikombiso swa ndhawu:
Ndzhawu yo nghena 1cm distal kuya eka anterior tibial plateau edge, yi ringanisiwile na medullary axis.
Ku tiyisisiwa ka fluoroscopic: Xivono xa AP xi fambisana na tibial crest, xivono xa le tlhelo xi fambelana na tibial axis.
Switirhisiwa swo Pfula: .
Cannulated drill ehenhla ka guidewire (leyi nga na sleeve yo sirhelela) kumbe curved solid awl.
Hand reamers (6-8mm) eka ku tshoveka ka khale lokungana canal occlusion.
Ku Vekiwa ka Guidewire: Guidewire leyingana ball-tipped leyi govekeke 10-15mm eka tip leswaku kuta hundza ku tshoveka. Ku tiyisisiwa ka fluoroscopic eka distal physeal scar (ankle center).
Phurotokholo ya Reaming:
Ti reamers leti olovaka leti sungulaka eka 8mm, ti engetela 0.5mm kufikela eka cortical 'chatter' (hi ntolovelo 1-1.5mm > nail diameter).
Xiya: Ku humesa mali nkarhi na nkarhi swi basisa thyaka; papalata ku dlayiwa ka thermal necrosis.
Ku Kunguhata Ku leha: .
Ku pima endzeni ka vuhandzuri: Ndlela yo hlanganisa guidewire kumbe fluoroscopic ruler (ndhawu yo nghena eka nhlonge ya ankle).
Tiyisisa leswaku nail tip yifika eka physeal scar handle ka proximal protrusion.
Thekiniki yo Nghenisa: .
Ku ya emahlweni hi voko ehenhla ka guidewire; lulamisa ku hunguteka loko ku lwisana ku humelela.
Hlayisa kuhunguteka hinkarhi wa ku hundza eka ku tshoveka ka le kule.
Qhinga ra Ntlhandlamano
Ku tshoveka loku tiyeke hi ku leha: Ku pfaleriwa ka le kusuhi ku sungula (xikurufu xin’we xi pfumelela dynamization).
Length-unstable/comminuted fractures: Ku pfaleriwa ka le kule ku sungula ku landzeriwa hi 'backslap' ku tshikilela.
Ku Khiya ka le kusuhi
≥2 wa swikwirikiri hi ku tirhisa xitirhisiwa xo kongomisa (multidirectional for proximal fractures).
Ku Khiya ka le Kule
Thekiniki ya fluoroscopic: Central beam perpendicular eka ti screw holes ('perfect circle'), ku bora hi percutaneous.
≥2 wa swikwirikiri swa ku tshoveka ka le kule (swi nga ha hlanganisa AP/oblique orientations).
End Cap: Ku nghenisiwa hi ku hlawula (swi sivela ku kula ka marhambu endzeni), tiyisisa leswaku a ku na ku huma ka mahlangano.
Ku Pfala Swilondza: Ku lunghisa ti patellar tendon leti nga na maleyara hi swirhumbana swa le hansi ka nhlonge leswi ntshunxekeke.
Ku Vuyeteriwa ka Ha Ri eMahlweni: .
Ku tlakuka ka swirho; ku languta eka compartment syndrome ku nga si hela 24hrs.
Sungula ku hlengeletiwa ka mahlangano loku tirhaka (tipompo ta mavoko, ku olovisiwa ka matsolo) eka POD 1-2.
Protocol ya ku rhwala ntiko: .
Ku rhwala ntiko hi xiphemu kuringana 6 wa mavhiki (ku lulamisiwile hi ku tshamiseka), kuya emahlweni kuya eka ku hetiseka loko callus yi humelela.
Ku landzelerisa: Ku kamberiwa ka tliliniki/radiological eka 2, 6, na 12 wa mavhiki.
Yindlu-nkulu: Raynham, Massachusetts, U.S.A
Switirhisiwa swa Nkoka:
Expert Tibial Nail (ETN) – Yi endleriwe ku tshamiseka eka ku tshoveka ka tibial loku rharhanganeke.
T2 Tibial Nail – Yinyika ku antswisiwa ka ku khomiwa na ku tshikileriwa.
Matimba ya nkoka: R&D yo tiya, ku hangalasiwa ka misava hinkwayo, na ku hlanganisiwa na swintshuxo swa khombo.
Yindlu-nkulu: Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.A
Switirhisiwa swa Nkoka:
T2 Tibial Nail – Sisiteme ya modula ya ku tshoveka ka tibial shaft.
Gamma3 Tibial Nail – Yi hlanganisa ku belela ka intramedullary na tindlela to pfala.
Matimba ya nkoka: Tirhoboto ta xiyimo xa le henhla (Mako), swintshuxo leswi nga ngheneriki ngopfu, na photifoliyo ya khombo yo tiya.
Yindlu-nkulu: London, UK
Switirhisiwa swa Nkoka:
TRIGEN Tibial Nail – Yi endleriwe ku olova ku nghenisiwa na ku tiya.
IM Tibial Nail – Ku khomiwa ka intramedullary eka ku tshoveka ka tibial.
Matimba ya nkoka: Ku kongomisa eka vutshunguri bya mintlangu na ku vaviseka, switirhisiwa swa vutumbuluxi.
Yindlu-nkulu: Changzhou, eChayina
Switirhisiwa swa Nkoka:
Distal Tibial Intramedullary Nail (DTN) – Yi antswisiwile eka ku tshoveka ka le kule.
Mutivi Tibia Intramedullary Nail – Dizayini ya titanium alloy ya matimba yale henhla.
Suprapatellar Approach Tibial Intramedullary Nail – Ku nghenisiwa loku nga ngheneriki ngopfu.
Tibial Intramedullary Nail – Swihlawulekisi swo khoma hi tindlela to hambana.
Matimba ya nkoka: swintshuxo leswi nga durhiki, ku ndlandlamuxa vukona bya misava hinkwayo.
Yindlu-nkulu: Warsaw, Indiana, U.S.A
Switirhisiwa swa Nkoka:
ZNN Tibial Nail – Dizayini ya anatomic ku antswisa ku ringanela.
Natural Nail System – Yi tekelela makhanikhi ya marhambu ya ntumbuluko.
Matimba ya nkoka: Yi tiyile eka ku pfuxetiwa ka mahlangano, ku hlanganisiwa ka ti biologics, na swintshuxo leswi endleriweke munhu hi xiyexe.
Yindlu-nkulu: Lewisville, Texas, U.S.A
Switirhisiwa swa Nkoka:
LON Tibial Nail (Lateral Orthopedic Nail) – Yi endleriwe ndlela yo nghena hi le tlhelo.
Matimba ya nkoka: Yi hlawulekile eka ku hlohlotela ku kula ka marhambu, ku lulamisa ku onhaka ka swirho.
CZMEDITECH yi nyika swintshuxo leswi heleleke swa tibial nailing eka ku tshoveka ka proximal, distal, na complex, na tipulani ta vutumbuluxi (xikombiso, ku pfala ka matlhelo yo tala, endlelo ra suprapatellar) leti ringanisiwaka na ti brand leti rhangelaka ta misava hinkwayo eka biomechanics na mimbuyelo ya tliliniki.
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