Dipono: 0 Mongwadi: Morulaganyi wa Sebaka Nako ya go phatlalatša: 2025-07-07 Tšwago: Saete
Shaft ya tibial ke ye nngwe ya mafelo a tlwaelegilego kudu a go robega, e tšea 13.7% ya go robega ka moka mmeleng. Tibia ya kgole e na le dimelo tša anatomical tša go swana le tefo ye mpe ya kabo ya madi le khupetšo ye nnyane ya dinama tše boleta. Gatee-tee ge go robega go diregile, tshenyo ya ditlhalenama tše boleta le kabo ya madi ya lefelong leo yeo e lego kotsing di ka oketša bothata bja go fola ga go robega. Go oketša moo, kgonagalo e kgolo ya go robega ga fibular ka nako e tee le go se tsepame di dira gore kgetho ya mokgwa o swanetšego wa go bua e be bohlokwa.
Karolo ya sefapano ya shaft ya tibial ya bogareng go ya godimo ke ya khutlotharo, mola ya boraro ya ka fase e le ya mahlakore a mane. Kopano ya karolo ya boraro ya bogareng le ya ka fase e tshesane gomme e emela phetogo ya sebopego, e dira gore e be lefelo le le tlwaelegilego la go robega.
Karolo ya boraro ya ka pele ya tibia e khupeditšwe feela ke letlalo ntle le go khupetšwa ga mešifa, e dira gore e sekametše go robega mo go bulegilego moo dikarolwana tša marapo di phunyago letlalo. Gaešita le ka go robega mo go tswaletšwego, bontši bja go robega ga tibial go sepedišana le tshenyo ya letlalo le ditlhalenama tša ka tlase ga letlalo. Tibia ya bogareng ga e na khupetšo ya mešifa, gomme go na le dikarolo tše nne tša fascial tšeo di dikologilego tibia le fibula. Tiragalo ya compartment syndrome e godimo ka go robega ga tibial ge go bapetšwa le go robega mo gongwe.
Sehlopha sa dipalo sa Searabia sa AO/OTA se hlaola go robega ga shaft ya tibial bjalo ka 4 (tibia) 2 (shaft). Mohuta wa A o sepelelana le go robega mo go bonolo ka mola o tee wa go robega, e lego mohuta wo o tlwaelegilego kudu. Diphapano tša mohuta wa B di na le karolwana ya sebopego sa wedge ya magareng. Go robega ga mohuta wa C go bakwa ke masetla-pelo a matla a magolo gomme ke go robega ga dikarolo tše di kgaotšwego.
Mohuta wa I: Botelele bja lebadi bja ka fase ga 1 cm, gantši ke lebadi la go phunya leo le hlwekilego ka go lekana leo ntlha ya marapo e tšweletšego ka letlalo. Tshenyo ya dinama tše boleta ke e nyenyane, go se na kgobalo e pšhatlaganyago. Go robega go bonolo, go sekame goba go sekame ka nako ye kopana, ntle le go senyegelwa.
Mohuta wa II: Lebadi le feta 1 cm, ka tshenyo ye e nabilego kudu ya dinama tše boleta eupša ga go na avulsion goba go bopega ga flap. Dinama tše boleta di bontšha kgobalo e bonolo go ya go e lekanetšego ya go pšhatlaganya, tšhilafalo e lekanetšego le go senywa mo go lekanetšego ga go robega.
Mohuta wa IIIA: Go sa šetšwe kgobalo e kgolo ya go phatloga goba go bopega ga lephego, goba kgateletšego ya matla a magolo go sa šetšwe bogolo bja lebadi, go na le khupetšo e lekanego ya dinama tše boleta godimo ga go robega.
Mohuta wa IIIB: Tshenyo ye e nabilego ya dinama tše boleta le tahlegelo, ka go hlobola ga periosteal le lerapo le le pepentšhitšwego, leo le sepedišanago le tšhilafalo ye šoro.
Mohuta wa IIIC: O tswalanywa le kgobalo ya ditšhika yeo e nyakago go lokišwa.
Dikalafo tšeo e sego tša go bua bakeng sa go robega ga tibial di akaretša di- brace, go tiiša ka ntle ka polasetara, go goga, go fokotša ka seatla le go dirišwa ga diforeime tša go tiiša ka ntle. Dikgetho tša go bua di akaretša go tiiša ka gare ga poleiti ye e notletšwego le go kokotela ka gare ga medullary, gare ga tše dingwe.
Intramedullary nailing fixation e ratwa ke dingaka tše dintši tša go bua marapo a masetla-pelo ka baka la tshepedišo ya yona e bonolo ya go bua, go segwa mo gonyenyane, kgateletšego e nyenyane le go tlošwa mo go loketšego ga sepekere ka morago ga go fola ga go robega. E fana ka go tiiša ka gare mo go tiilego, go dumelela go itšhidulla mo go šomago ka pela ka morago ga go buiwa le go efoga mathata a lefelong leo le a tshepedišo. Melemo ye e sepelelana le melao ya motheo ya AO ya kalafo.
Anterior oblique sega ka proximal qetellong thibela ho hlohlona ho patellar ligament.
Advance proximal notlela moralo eketsa botsitso lakatsa bakeng sa proximal karolwana.
Distal oblique notlela kgetho go thibela tshenyo dinama tse nyenyane tse bonolo le ho eketsa botsitso ba distal sekhechana.
Locking sekurufu etselitsoeng ka habeli etella pele khoele bakeng sa habonolo kenya.
Locking moralo bakeng sa fixation matla, fokotsa postoperative sekhechana dislocation.
Multi lintlha tsa fixation fana ka angular botsitso le tšehetso tsitsitseng bakeng sa tibial palteau.
Sedirišwa se na le mošomo wa peakanyo ya go fetoga, ka diphetogo tša sona tša sebopego tšeo di bontšhitšwego diswantšhong ka fase ga maemo a bobedi a pele ga kgatelelo (boemo bjo bo lokologilego) le bja ka morago ga kgatelelo (yeo e loketšego ka thata).
Multi fixation mokgwa wa ho tloha proximal le distal, bontša qetellong proximal le distal tibial fractures.
The distal qetellong ea sepekere ka sehloohong na le moralo bataletseng, nolofatsa habonolo kenya ka medullary cavity.
Dikurufu tše pedi tša go notlela tša sekhutlong mafelelong a kgauswi di thibela go dikološa le go šuthišwa ga karolo ya go robega.
A khethehileng anatomical kobeha netefatsa sepekere se sehloohong e Optimally beha ka hare ho medullary cavity.
Dikurufu tše tharo tša go notlela khutlo tšeo di kopanago mafelelong a kgole di nea thekgo e šomago le go tiiša.
E loketše bontši bja go robega ga shaft ya tibial (midshaft le go robega mo gongwe ga distal/proximal), mola mehuta ye mengwe (mohlala, DTN goba Expert Nail) e hlametšwe dilete tše itšego tša anatomical goba go robega mo go raraganego.
Mokgwa wa maemo (parapatellar goba transpatellar) o latela tshepedišo ye e hlomilwego gabotse ka koba ya go ithuta ya fase, mola mekgwa ye e kgethegilego (mohlala, suprapatellar) e nyaka tlhahlo ya tlaleletšo ya sethekniki.
Ge go bapetšwa le manala a kgethegilego a go swana le Sepekere sa Setsebi goba DTN, manala a maemo a tibial intramedullary ka tlwaelo a a fihlelelwa kudu, a dira gore a lokele maemo a ka mehla.
E sepelelana le didirišwa tša bokahohleng (mohlala, dikurufu tša go notlela, didirišwa tša go nepiša), mola manala a kgethegilego (mohlala, Sepekere sa Setsebi seo se nago le ditshepedišo tša go notlela tša mahlakore a mantši) a ka nyaka didirišwa tša mong.
| Mohuta | Ditšhupetšo tše kaone | Mehola ya Motheo |
|---|---|---|
| Setsebi Nail | Rarahaneng shaft robehileng, osteoporosis | Multi-planar notlela, botsitso phahameng |
| Sepekere sa Suprapatellar | Proximal fractures, bakuli ba botenya | Suprapatellar atamela, fokotsa pele lengole mathata |
| DTN | Distal fractures (kgauswi le lelokololo la leqaqailaneng) . | Multi-directional distal notlela, hanyetsa khutsofatsa |
| Sepekere sa Maemo | Mid-shaft bonolo fractures | Tshebetso e bonolo, e atlehang ditjeo |
Didirišwa tša go Bora : E akaretša didirišwa tša go phunya, di- reamers le didirišwa tše dingwe tšeo di dirišwago ka go lebanya bakeng sa go phunya marapo.
Didirišwa tša go Nepiša : Didirišwa tša go beakanya le go hlahla go phunya goba go bewa ga dilo tšeo di tsentšwego, tše bjalo ka megala ya tlhahlo, matsogo a go hlahla le didirišwa tša go lebiša.
Didirišwa tša go Tiiša : Didirišwa tšeo di dirišetšwago go kgokaganya, go notlela goba go beakanya dilo tšeo di tsentšwego, tše bjalo ka malokololo a legohle, senotlelo, dikurufu le dinoto.
Didirišwa tša go Lekanya : Didirišwa tša go ela botebo, go beakanya maemo goba go thuša go bua, tše bjalo ka dikelo tša botebo, di-forcep tša go fokotša le di- bone awls (AWL).
Tekolo ya go tšea diswantšho: X-ray/CT ya pele ga go buiwa go tiišetša mohuta wa go robega, bophara bja mokero wa medullary le botelele, ka tekanyo ya tibia ya contralateral bjalo ka tšhupetšo.
Go beakanya: Boemo bja go rapalala ka go koba ga lengwele 90°-120° le go goketša ga letheka go se nene (go fokotša kgatelelo ya tendon ya patellar). Foreime ya khutlotharo ya radiolucent e ka thekga fossa ya popliteal bakeng sa go goga.
Sterile Draping: Standard setho sterilization le draping, etsa bonnete ba ho tsamaea C-letsoho.
Manual Traction: Mothuši o diriša go goga ga longitudinal mola ngaka ya go bua e palpates tibial crest le anteromedial bokagodimo go beakanya go logaganya (bolelele, go dikološa, angulation).
E Thušwago ke Sedirišwa: .
Thekniki ya Joystick: Dikurufu tša Schanz di tsentšwe ka gare ga dikarolwana tša proximal/distal bakeng sa phokotšo ya lever.
Percutaneous Clamping: Diforceps tša phokotšo tše di šupago bakeng sa go robega ga oblique/spiral.
Sešitiši: Sešitiši se segolo se beilwe ka coronally (proximal Schanz screw parallel to tibial plateau, distal pin ka talus goba distal tibia) go boloka botelele.
Matshwao a naga:
Ntlha ya go tsena 1cm distal go ya go anterior tibial plateau bohale, e logagane le sele ya medullary.
Netefatšo ya fluoroscopic: Pono ya AP e sepelelana le crest ya tibial, pono ya ka mahlakoreng e bapelana le sele ya tibial.
Didirišwa tša go Bula:
Cannulated phunya ka guidewire (ka sleeve sireletsang) kapa kobehileng tiileng awl.
Di-reamers tša diatla (6-8mm) tša go robega ga kgale ka go thibana ga kanale.
Guidewire Placement: Ball-tipped guidewire koba 10-15mm ka ntlha bakeng sa ho robeha feta. Fluoroscopic netefatso ka distal physeal lebadi (leqaqailaneng setsi).
Prothokhole ya go Reaming: .
Reamers tenyetsehang ho qala ka 8mm, incrementing 0.5mm ho fihlela cortical 'chatter ' (ka go tlhaolega 1-1.5mm > Nail bophara).
Ela hloko: Go gogela morago ka dinako tše dingwe go hlwekiša ditlakala; qoba necrosis mogote.
Boikemišetšo bja Bolelele: .
Intraoperative tekanyo: Guidewire overlap mokgwa wa kapa fluoroscopic rula (ntlha ya ho kena ho leqaqailaneng lelokololo).
Netefatša gore ntlha ya manala e fihla lebaleng la physeal ntle le go tšwelela ga proximal.
Thekniki ya go Tsenya: .
Hand-tšwelopele godimo ga guidewire; beakanya phokotšo ge e ba kganetšo e direga.
Boloka phokotšo nakong ya go feta bakeng sa go robega ga kgole.
Leano la Tatelano
Bolelele-tsepame fractures: Proximal notlela pele (sekurufu se le seng lumella dynamization).
Bolelele-bo sa tsepamang / cominuted fractures: Distal notlela pele lateloa ke 'backslap ' ho compress.
Go Notlela ga Kgauswi
≥2 diseke ee ka sesebediswa sepheo (multidirectional bakeng sa proximal fractures).
Go Notlela ga Distal
Fluoroscopic thekeniki ya: Central hlase perpendicular ho sekurufu mekoti ( 'phethahetseng sedikadikwe '), percutaneous phunya.
≥2 diseke ee bakeng sa distal fractures (ka kopanya AP / oblique ditshekamelo).
End Cap: Go tsenywa ga boikgethelo (go thibela ingrowth ya marapo), netefatša gore ga go na go tšwelela ga mohlakanelwa.
Go Tswalela Leqeba: Tokiso ya tendon ya patellar ya lera ka dirokele tša ka fase ga letlalo tše di lokologilego.
Tsošološo ya Pele: .
Bophagamo bja setho; hlokomela bakeng sa lefapha syndrome ka hare ho 24hrs.
Thoma go kgoboketša manonyeletšo ka mafolofolo (dipompo tša leqaqailaneng, go koba ga lengwele) go POD 1-2.
Protocol ya go rwala boima bja mmele:
Karolo ya boima bja go rwala dibeke tše 6 (e beakantšwe ka go tsepama), go tšwela pele go fihla go tlala ge callus e tšwelela.
Go Latela: Tekolo ya kliniki/radiological ka dibeke tše 2, 6, le tše 12.
Ntlo-kgolo: Raynham, Massachusetts, U.S.A
Ditšweletšwa tša Flagship:
Sepekere sa Tibial sa Setsebi (ETN) – E hlametšwe go tsepama ka go robega ga tibial mo go raraganego.
T2 Tibial Nail – E fana ka go tiiša le go gatelela mo go kaonafaditšwego.
Matla a Bohlokwa: R&D ye maatla, kabo ya lefase ka bophara, le kopanyo le ditharollo tša masetla-pelo.
Ntlo-kgolo: Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.A
Ditšweletšwa tša Flagship:
T2 Tibial Nail – Tshepedišo ya modula ya go robega ga shaft ya tibial.
Gamma3 Tibial Nail – E kopanya go kokotela ka gare ga medullary le dikgetho tša go notlela.
Matla a Bohlokwa: Diroboto tša maemo a godimo (Mako), ditharollo tšeo di sa hlaselego kudu, le potefolio ye maatla ya masetla-pelo.
Ntlo-kgolo: London, UK
Ditšweletšwa tša Flagship:
TRIGEN Tibial Nail – E hlametšwe go tsenywa gabonolo le go tsepama.
IM Tibial Nail – Go tsepama ka gare ga medullary bakeng sa go robega ga tibial.
Matla a Bohlokwa: Tsepamiša kgopolo go bongaka bja dipapadi le masetla-pelo, didirišwa tša boitlhamelo.
Ntlo-kgolo: Changzhou, China
Ditšweletšwa tša Flagship:
Distal Tibial Intramedullary Nail (DTN) – E lokišitšwe bakeng sa go robega ga kgole.
Setsebi Tibia Intramedullary Nail – Moralo wa motswako wa thaethaniamo wa maatla a magolo.
Mokgwa wa Suprapatellar Tibial Intramedullary Nail – Go tsenywa mo go hlaselago kudu.
Tibial Intramedullary Nail – Dikgetho tša go tiiša tše di fetofetogago.
Matla a Bohlokwa: ditharollo tše di sa bitšego kudu, go katološa go ba gona ga lefase ka bophara.
Ntlo-kgolo: Warsaw, Indiana, U.S.A
Ditšweletšwa tša Flagship:
ZNN Tibial Nail – Moralo wa anatomic bakeng sa go swanela mo go kaonafetšego.
Tshepedišo ya Nail ya Tlhago – E ekiša makhenikhi a marapo a tlhago.
Matla a Bohlokwa: E matla ka go aga lefsa mohlakanelwa, go kopanya di- biologic le ditharollo tšeo di hlamilwego ka motho.
Ntlo-kgolo: Lewisville, Texas, U.S.A
Ditšweletšwa tša Flagship:
LON Tibial Nail (Lateral Orthopedic Nail) – E hlametšwe mokgwa wa go tsena ka mahlakoreng.
Key Matla: Specialized ka masapo kgolo di hlohleletsago, setho deformity khalemelo.
CZMEDITECH e fana ka ditharollo tše di feletšego tša go kokotela tibial bakeng sa go robega ga proximal, distal, le mo go raraganego, ka meralo ya boitlhamelo (mohlala, go notlela ka ditsela tše dintši, mokgwa wa suprapatellar) yeo e bapetšwago le ditšweletšwa tše di etilego pele tša lefase ka bophara ka biomechanics le dipoelo tša kliniki.
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