Ukubuka: 0 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2025-07-07 Umsuka: Isayithi
I-tibial shaft ingenye yezindawo ezivame kakhulu zokuphuka, ezibalelwa ku-13.7% yazo zonke izitho zomzimba. I-distal tibia inezici ze-anatomical ezifana nesinxephezelo sokungatholakali kahle kwegazi kanye nokumbozwa kwezicubu ezithambile ezincane. Uma kwenzeka ukuphuka, ukulimala kwezicubu ezithambile kanye nokunikezwa kwegazi lendawo engozini kungandisa ubunzima bokuphulukiswa kokuphuka. Ukwengeza, amathuba aphezulu okuqhekeka kwe-fibular kanye nokungazinzi kwenza ukukhethwa kwendlela yokuhlinzwa efanele kubaluleke kakhulu.
I-cross-section ye-middle-to-upper shaft ye-tibial inonxantathu, kanti ingxenye yesithathu engezansi i-quadrilateral. Ukuhlangana kwengxenye yesithathu emaphakathi nephansi kuncane kakhulu futhi kumelela ukuguquka kwesimo, okuyenza ibe yindawo evamile yokuphuka.
Ingxenye yesithathu yangaphambili ye-tibia imbozwe kuphela isikhumba ngaphandle kokumbozwa kwemisipha, okwenza kube lula ukuphuka lapho izingcezu zamathambo zibhoboza khona isikhumba. Ngisho nakuma-fractures avaliwe, ama-tibial fractures amaningi ahambisana nokulimala kwesikhumba kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi. I-mid-tibia ayinakho ukumbozwa kwemisipha, futhi kunezingxenye ezine ze-fascial ezizungeze i-tibia ne-fibula. Isigameko se-compartment syndrome siphezulu kuma-tibial fractures uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-fractures.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwenombolo yesi-Arabhu ye-AO/OTA kuveza ukuphuka kwe-tibial shaft njengo-4 (tibia) 2 (shaft). Uhlobo A luhambisana nokuphuka okulula okunomugqa owodwa wokuphuka, okuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Ukuphuka kohlobo B kunocezu olumaphakathi olumise okwe weji. Ukuphuka kohlobo C kubangelwa ukuhlukumezeka okunamandla amakhulu futhi kuwukuhlukana kwezigaba okuhlangene.
Thayipha I: Ubude benxeba bungaphansi kuka-1 cm, imvamisa inxeba lokubhoboza elihlanzeke kakhulu elinesihloko sethambo esiphumela esikhunjeni. Ukulimala kwezicubu ezithambile kuncane, akukho kulimala okuchotshozayo. I-fracture ilula, iguquguquka, noma i-oblique emfushane, ngaphandle kokuhamba.
Uhlobo II: Inxeba lidlula i-1 cm, elinomonakalo obanzi wezicubu ezithambile kodwa akukho ukuhushulwa noma ukwakheka kwe-flap. Izicubu ezithambile zibonisa ukulimala okuchotshoziwe okumaphakathi kuya kokumaphakathi, ukungcoliswa okumaphakathi, kanye nokuqhubeka okulingene kokuphuka.
Uhlobo lwe-III: Naphezu kokulimala okukhulu kwe-avulsion noma ukwakheka kwe-flap, noma ukuhlukumezeka kwamandla aphezulu kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu besilonda, kukhona ukumbozwa okwanele kwezicubu ezithambile phezu kokuphuka.
Uhlobo lwe-IIIB: Ukulimala nokulahlekelwa kwezicubu ezithambile ezijulile, ngokukhumula i-periosteal kanye nethambo eliveziwe, elihambisana nokungcoliswa okukhulu.
Uhlobo lwe-IIIC: Okuhlotshaniswa nokulimala kwe-arterial okudinga ukulungiswa.
Ukwelashwa okungezona ukuhlinzwa kwe-tibial fractures kuhlanganisa ama-braces, ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kwe-plaster, ukudonsa, ukunciphisa ngesandla, nokusetshenziswa kwamafreyimu okulungisa angaphandle. Izinketho zokuhlinzwa zihlanganisa ukulungiswa kwangaphakathi kwepuleti elikhiyiwe kanye nokubethelwa kwe-intramedullary, phakathi kokunye.
Ukulungiswa kwezipikili ze-Intramedullary kuthanda odokotela abaningi abahlinza amathambo abahlukumezekile ngenxa yenqubo yabo yokuhlinza elula, izimbobo ezincane, ukuhlukumezeka okuncane, nokususwa okulula kwesipikili ngemva kokuphulukiswa kokuphuka. Ihlinzeka ngokulungiswa okuqinile kwangaphakathi, okuvumela ukuvivinya umzimba okusebenzayo kwangemva kokuhlinzwa kanye nokugwema izinkinga zendawo nezesistimu. Lezi zinzuzo zihambisana nemigomo ye-AO yokwelashwa.
Ukusika kwe-oblique yangaphambili ekugcineni okuseduze kuvimbela ukucasuka ku-patellar ligament.
Idizayini yokukhiya i-Advance proximal inyusa ukuzinza okufiswayo kwesiqephu esiseduze.
Inketho yokukhiya i-Distal oblique ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezicubu ezithambile futhi kwandise ukuzinza kwe-distal fragment.
Isikulufu sokukhiya esidizayinelwe ngentambo eholayo ekabili ukuze ifakwe kalula.
Idizayini yokukhiya yokulungiswa okuqinile, nciphisa ukugudluka kwezingcezu zangemva kokuhlinzwa.
Amaphoyinti amaningi okulungisa ahlinzeka ngokuzinza kwe-angular nokusekelwa okuzinzile kwe-tibial palteau.
Idivayisi inomsebenzi wokulungisa ovumelana nezimo, nezinguquko zayo ze-morphological eziboniswa emifanekisweni ngaphansi kokubili kokuminyanisa kwangaphambili (isimo esixekethile) kanye nezimo zangemuva kokuminyanisa (okufakwe ngokuqinile).
Indlela yokulungisa eminingi ukusuka ku-proximal kanye ne-distal, ibonisa ukuhlukana kokugcina kwe-proximal ne-distal tibial.
Ingxenye ekude yozipho oluyinhloko inomklamo oyisicaba, okwenza kube lula ukufakwa emgodini we-medullary.
Izikulufu ezimbili zokukhiya i-angular ekugcineni okuseduze zivimbela ukuzungezisa kanye nokugudluzwa kwesegimenti yokuphuka.
Ijika elikhethekile le-anatomical liqinisekisa ukuthi uzipho oluyinhloko lubekwe kahle ngaphakathi kwe-medullary cavity.
Izikulufu ezintathu zokukhiya i-engeli ephambanayo ekugcineni zinikeza ukusekela okusebenzayo nokulungisa.
Ifanele ukuphuka kwe-shaft ye-tibial (i-midshaft kanye nokuphuka kwe-distal/proximal), kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo (isb., i-DTN noma i-Expert Nail) yakhelwe izifunda ezithile ze-anatomical noma ukuphuka okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Indlela ejwayelekile (i-parapatellar noma i-transpatellar) ilandela inqubo esungulwe kahle enejika lokufunda eliphansi, kanti izindlela ezikhethekile (isb., i-suprapatellar) zidinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kwezobuchwepheshe.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzipho ezikhethekile ezifana ne-Expert Nail noma i-DTN, izinzipho ezijwayelekile ze-tibial intramedullary ngokuvamile zithengeka kakhulu, zizenze zifaneleke amacala avamile.
Isebenzisana nezinsimbi ezisebenza emhlabeni wonke (isb., izikulufu zokukhiya, izisetshenziswa zokukhomba), kuyilapho izinzipho ezikhethekile (isb., I-Expert Nail enamasistimu okukhiya anezindlela eziningi) ingase idinge amathuluzi obunikazi.
| Thayipha | Izinkomba Ezingcono Kakhulu | Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko |
|---|---|---|
| Uchwepheshe Nail | Ukuphuka kwe-shaft eyinkimbinkimbi, i-osteoporosis | Ukukhiya okunezinhlelo eziningi, ukuzinza okuphezulu |
| I-Suprapatellar Nail | Ukuphuka okuseduze, iziguli ezikhuluphele | Indlela ye-Suprapatellar, inciphisa izinkinga zamadolo angaphambili |
| I-DTN | Ukuphuka kwe-Distal (eduze kwe-ankle joint) | I-multi-directional distal locking, imelana nokufinyeza |
| Nail Standard | Ama-Mid-shaft ama-fractures alula | Ukusebenza okulula, ukonga |
Izinsimbi Zokubhoboza : Kuhlanganisa izingcezu zokubhoboza, ama-reamers, namanye amathuluzi asetshenziselwa ngokuqondile ukubhola amathambo.
Amadivayisi Aqondiwe : Amathuluzi okubeka kanye nokuqondisa ukubhola noma ukufakwa kokufakwayo, njengezintambo eziqondisayo, imikhono engumhlahlandlela, namadivayisi okuhloswe ngawo.
Amathuluzi Okulungisa : Amathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma, ukukhiya, noma ukulungisa izimila, njengamajoyinti avamile, ama-wrenches, izikulufu, nezando.
Amathuluzi okulinganisa : Amathuluzi okulinganisa ukujula, ukuma, noma ukusiza ekuhlinzeni, njengamageji okujula, ama-forceps okunciphisa, nezinsimbi zethambo (AWL).
Ukuhlola Ukucabangela: I-X-ray / CT yangaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe uhlobo lokuphuka, ububanzi be-medullary canal nobude, ngesilinganiso se-contralateral tibia njengereferensi.
Ukuma: Ukuma kwe-Supine nge-knee flexion 90 ° -120 ° kanye nokwengezwa kwe-hip kancane (ukunciphisa ukungezwani kwe-tendon patellar). Uhlaka lwe-radiolucent elingunxantathu lungase lusekele i-popliteal fossa yokudonsa.
Ukudonsa Okungenanyumba: Ukuvala inzalo kwemilenze okujwayelekile kanye nokudonsa, kuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwengalo ye-C.
I-Manual Traction: Umsizi usebenzisa i-longitudinal traction ngenkathi udokotela ohlinzayo ethinta i-tibial crest kanye ne-anteromedial surface ukuze alungise ukuqondanisa (ubude, ukujikeleza, i-angulation).
I-Instrument-Assisted:
I-Joystick Technique: Izikulufu ze-Schanz zifakwe kuma-proximal/distal fragments ukuze kuncishiswe i-lever.
I-Percutaneous Clamping: Amandla okunciphisa acijile ama-oblique/spiral fractures.
Isiphazamisi: Isiphazamisi esikhulu esibekwe nge-coronally (i-proximal Schanz screw parallel to tibial plateau, pin distal in talus noma i-distal tibia) ukugcina ubude.
Izimpawu zomhlaba:
Iphuzu lokungena elingu-1cm ubude kuya onqenqemeni lwethafa le-tibial elingaphambili, liqondaniswe ne-axis ye-medullary.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Fluoroscopic: Ukubuka kwe-AP kuhambisana ne-tibial crest, ukubuka kwe-lateral kufana ne-axis ye-tibial.
Amathuluzi okuvula:
Ukubhola okufakwe amathini phezu kwe-guidewire (nomkhono ovikelayo) noma i-awl eqinile egobile.
Izixhumi zezandla (6-8mm) zokuphuka amadala ngokuvaleka komsele.
Ukubekwa kwe-Guidewire: Ucingo olunesihloko esinesihloko sebhola olugotshwe ngo-10-15mm phezulu ukuze luhambe ngokuphuka. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Fluoroscopic ku-distal physeal scar (isikhungo seqakala).
I-Reming Protocol:
Ama-reamer aguqukayo aqala ku-8mm, akhuphuka ngo-0.5mm kuze kube 'ingxoxo' ye-cortical (imvamisa engu-1-1.5mm > ububanzi bezinzipho).
Qaphela: Ukuhoxa ngezikhathi ezithile kususa imfucumfucu; gwema i-necrosis eshisayo.
Ukunqunywa kobude:
Isilinganiso sokusebenza: Indlela yokugqagqana kwe-Guidewire noma irula ye-fluoroscopic (iphoyinti lokungena elihlangene leqakala).
Qinisekisa ukuthi ithiphu le-nail lifinyelela isibazi se-physeal ngaphandle kwe-proximal protrusion.
Isu Lokufaka:
Isandla-phambili phezu kwe-guidewire; lungisa ukunciphisa uma ukumelana kwenzeka.
Gcina ukuncishiswa ngesikhathi sokudlula kokuqhekeka kwe-distal.
Ukulandelana Isu
Ukuphuka okuzinzile ngobude: Ukukhiya okuseduze kuqala (isikulufu esisodwa sivumela ukwenziwa kwamandla).
Ubude obungaqini kahle/ukuphuka okuqhutshekwayo: Ukukhiya okukude kuqala kulandelwe 'i-backslap' ukuze kuminyaniswe.
I-Proximal Locking
≥2 izikulufu ngedivayisi eqondisiwe (i-multidirectional yokuphuka okuseduze).
Ukukhiya Okukude
Indlela ye-Fluoroscopic: I-Central beam perpendicular to screw holes ('indingilizi ephelele'), ukubhoboza nge-percutaneous.
≥2 izikulufu zokuqhekeka kwe-distal (zingahlanganisa umumo we-AP/oblique).
Isihloko Sokugcina: Ukufaka ngokuzithandela (kuvimbela ukungena kwamathambo), qinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuphuma okuhlangene.
Ukuvalwa Kwenxeba: Ukulungiswa kwe-tendon ye-patellar enezingqimba ezinama-suture angaphansi kwesikhumba.
Ukuvuselelwa Kwangaphambi kwesikhathi:
Ukuphakama kwezitho; qapha i-compartment syndrome ngaphakathi kwamahora angama-24.
Qalisa ukuhlanganisa okuhlangene okusebenzayo (amaphampu eqakala, ukugoba kwamadolo) ku-POD 1-2.
Iphrothokholi Yokuthwala Isisindo:
Isisindo esinqunyiwe samaviki angu-6 (ilungiswa ngokuzinza), iqhubekela phambili igcwale lapho i-callus ivela.
Ukulandelela: Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo/kwe-radiological ku-2, 6, kanye namaviki angu-12.
Indlunkulu: Raynham, Massachusetts, USA
Imikhiqizo ye-Flagship:
Uchwepheshe we-Tibial Nail (ETN) - Idizayinelwe ukuzinza ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-tibial fractures.
I-T2 Tibial Nail - Inikeza ukulungiswa okuthuthukisiwe nokucindezelwa.
Amandla Abalulekile: I-R&D eqinile, ukusatshalaliswa komhlaba wonke, nokuhlanganiswa nezixazululo zokuhlukumezeka.
Indlunkulu: Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
Imikhiqizo ye-Flagship:
I-T2 Tibial Nail - Isistimu ye-Modular ye-tibial shaft fractures.
I-Gamma3 Tibial Nail - Ihlanganisa ukubethelwa kwe-intramedullary nezinketho zokukhiya.
Amandla Abalulekile: Amarobhothi athuthukile (i-Mako), izixazululo ezihlasela kancane, kanye nephothifoliyo yokuhlukumezeka eqinile.
Indlunkulu: London, UK
Imikhiqizo ye-Flagship:
I-TRIGEN Tibial Nail - Idizayinelwe ukuthi ifake kalula futhi iqine.
I-IM Tibial Nail - Ukulungiswa kwe-Intramedullary ye-tibial fractures.
Amandla Abalulekile: Gxila emithini yezemidlalo kanye nokuhlukumezeka, izinto ezintsha.
Indlunkulu: Changzhou, China
Imikhiqizo ye-Flagship:
I-Distal Tibial Intramedullary Nail (DTN) - Ilungiselelwe ukuphuka kwe-distal.
Uchwepheshe we-Tibia Intramedullary Nail - Idizayini ye-titanium alloy yamandla aphezulu.
I-Suprapatellar Approach Tibial Intramedullary Nail - Ukufakwa okuncane okungenayo.
I-Tibial Intramedullary Nail - Izinketho zokulungisa ezihlukahlukene.
Amandla Abalulekile: izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu, ukwandisa ubukhona bomhlaba.
Indlunkulu: Warsaw, Indiana, USA
Imikhiqizo ye-Flagship:
I-ZNN Tibial Nail - Idizayini ye-anatomic yokufaneleka okuthuthukisiwe.
I-Nail Nail System - Ilinganisa imishini yamathambo emvelo.
Amandla Abalulekile: Aqinile ekwakhiweni kabusha okuhlanganyelwe, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-biologics, nezixazululo eziqondene nawe.
Indlunkulu: Lewisville, Texas, USA
Imikhiqizo ye-Flagship:
I-LON Tibial Nail (I-Lateral Orthopedic Nail) - Idizayinelwe indlela yokungena eceleni.
Amandla Abalulekile: Okukhethekile ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwamathambo, ukulungiswa kokukhubazeka kwemilenze.
I-CZMEDITECH inikeza izixazululo ezibanzi zokunamathisela izipikili ze-tibial zokuqhekeka okusondelene, okukude, nokuyinkimbinkimbi, ngemiklamo emisha (isb, ukukhiya okunezinhlangothi eziningi, indlela ye-suprapatellar) eqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo ehamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele ku-biomechanics kanye nemiphumela yomtholampilo.