Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-07-07 Keeb Kwm: Qhov chaw
Tibial ncej yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau qhov chaw rau pob txha, suav txog 13.7% ntawm tag nrho cov pob txha hauv lub cev. Lub distal tibia muaj cov yam ntxwv anatomical xws li cov ntshav tsis zoo them nyiaj thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tsawg tsawg. Thaum muaj pob txha tawg, cov nqaij mos puas thiab cov ntshav tsis txaus hauv zos tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm pob txha kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj feem yuav tshwm sim ntawm concurrent fibular fractures thiab instability ua rau kev xaiv ntawm kev phais kom tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Tus ntoo khaub lig-section ntawm nruab nrab-rau-sab saum toj tibial ncej yog daim duab peb sab, thaum qis thib peb yog plaub fab. Qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm nruab nrab thiab qis thib peb yog qhov nqaim thiab sawv cev rau kev hloov pauv hauv cov duab, ua rau nws yog ib qho chaw rau pob txha.
Qhov thib peb ntawm tibia tsuas yog npog los ntawm daim tawv nqaij tsis muaj cov leeg nqaij, ua rau nws yooj yim qhib pob txha uas cov pob txha tawg ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv kaw pob txha, feem ntau tibial fractures yog nrog los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau daim tawv nqaij thiab cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous. Lub mid-tibia tsis muaj cov leeg nqaij, thiab muaj plaub lub fascial compartments nyob ib ncig ntawm tibia thiab fibula. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm compartment syndrome yog siab dua nyob rau hauv tibial fractures piv rau lwm cov pob txha.
AO/OTA Arabic numeral classifications designates tibial shaft fractures as 4 (tibia) 2 (shaft). Hom A sib raug rau cov pob txha yooj yim nrog ib txoj kab tawg, uas yog hom ntau tshaj plaws. Hom B fractures muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov kab sib txuas. Hom C tawg yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev raug mob siab zog thiab yog comminuted segmental fractures.
Hom I: Lub qhov txhab ntev dua 1 cm, feem ntau yog qhov huv si huv nrog cov pob txha taub hau tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg yog tsawg, tsis muaj kev raug mob. Qhov tawg yog yooj yim, transverse, lossis luv oblique, tsis muaj kev sib txuas.
Hom II: Qhov txhab ntev dua 1 cm, nrog rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntau dua, tab sis tsis muaj avulsion lossis flap tsim. Cov ntaub so ntswg nthuav tawm me me mus rau nruab nrab crushing raug mob, nruab nrab kis kab mob, thiab nruab nrab comminution ntawm pob txha.
Hom IIIA: Txawm hais tias muaj kev raug mob loj heev los yog lub ntsej muag tsim, lossis lub zog siab tsis hais lub qhov txhab loj npaum li cas, muaj cov ntaub so ntswg txaus txaus rau ntawm pob txha.
Hom IIIB: Cov ntaub so ntswg ntau puas thiab poob, nrog periosteal stripping thiab raug cov pob txha, nrog rau cov kab mob loj heev.
Hom IIIC: Koom nrog kev raug mob hlab ntsha uas yuav tsum tau kho.
Cov kev kho mob uas tsis yog phais rau tibial pob txha muaj xws li braces, plaster sab nrauv fixation, traction, phau ntawv txo, thiab kev siv ntawm sab nrauv fixation thav ntawv. Kev xaiv phais muaj xws li xauv phaj sab hauv kho thiab intramedullary nailing, thiab lwm yam.
Intramedullary nailing fixation yog nyiam los ntawm ntau tus kws phais orthopedic vim nws txoj kev phais yooj yim, me me incisions, me me raug mob, thiab yooj yim tshem tawm ntawm tus ntsia thawv tom qab kho pob txha. Nws muab kev txhim kho sab hauv muaj zog, tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm tom qab ua haujlwm thaum ntxov thiab tsis txhob muaj teeb meem hauv zos thiab hauv lub cev. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo no ua raws li AO cov qauv kev kho mob.
Anterior oblique txiav nyob rau hauv proximal kawg tiv thaiv irritation rau patellar ligament.
Ua ntej proximal locking tsim tsub kom qhov xav tau stability rau lub proximal fragment.
Distal oblique locking kev xaiv los tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg puas thiab ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom tawg.
Xauv ntsia hlau tsim nrog ob txoj hlua hlau rau kev nkag yooj yim dua.
Locking tsim kom muaj zog fixation, txo cov postoperative fragment dislocation.
Ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm fixation muab angular stability thiab ruaj khov rau tibial palteau.
Cov cuab yeej muaj qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv, nrog rau nws cov kev hloov pauv morphological tau qhia hauv cov duab kos nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si pre-compression (lub xeev xoob) thiab tom qab-compression (tightly fitted).
Multi fixation txoj kev los ntawm proximal thiab distal, qhia qhov kawg proximal thiab distal tibial puas.
Lub distal kawg ntawm tus ntsia thawv tseem ceeb muaj lub tiaj tus tsim, yooj yim rau kev nkag mus rau hauv medullary kab noj hniav.
Ob lub angular locking screws ntawm qhov kawg proximal tiv thaiv kev sib hloov thiab kev hloov ntawm qhov tawg ntu.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb anatomical curvature ua kom lub ntsiab ntsia hlau yog qhov zoo nyob rau hauv lub medullary kab noj hniav.
Peb qhov kev sib tshuam lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm qhov kawg distal muab kev txhawb nqa zoo thiab kho.
Haum rau feem ntau tibial ncej fractures (midshaft thiab ib co distal/proximal fractures), whereas lwm hom (xws li, DTN los yog kws Nail) yog tsim los rau tej cheeb tsam anatomical los yog complex fractures.
Tus txheej txheem mus kom ze (parapatellar lossis transpatellar) ua raws li cov txheej txheem tsim tau zoo nrog kev kawm qis dua, qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb (xws li suprapatellar) xav tau kev cob qhia ntxiv.
Piv nrog rau cov ntsia hlau tshwj xeeb xws li Tus Kws Tshaj Lij lossis DTN, tus qauv tibial intramedullary rau tes feem ntau pheej yig dua, ua rau lawv haum rau cov xwm txheej niaj hnub.
Tau tshaj cov cuab yeej siv thoob ntiaj teb (piv txwv li, xauv cov ntsia hlau, cov cuab yeej tsom), qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov ntsia hlau (xws li, Tus Kws Tshaj Lij nrog ntau txoj kev kaw lus kaw lus) yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej muaj tswv.
| Hom Qhov | Ntsuas Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws | Core Zoo |
|---|---|---|
| Kws Nail | Complex ncej tawg, osteoporosis | Multi-planar xauv, siab stability |
| Suprapatellar Nail | Proximal fractures, cov neeg rog rog | Suprapatellar mus kom ze, txo cov teeb meem hauv lub hauv caug |
| DTN | Distal fractures (ze pob qij txha) | Multi-directional distal xauv, tiv thaiv luv luv |
| Standard Nail | Mid-shaft yooj yim tawg | Kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, raug nqi zoo |
Drilling Instruments : suav nrog cov khoom siv tho, reamers, thiab lwm yam cuab yeej siv ncaj qha rau pob txha drilling.
Targeting Devices : Instruments for positioning and guiding drilling or implant placement , xws li coj cov xov hlau, coj lub tes tsho, thiab aiming devices.
Fixation Instruments : Cov cuab yeej siv rau kev sib txuas, xauv, lossis kho cov khoom cog, xws li cov pob qij txha thoob ntiaj teb, cov ciaj ntswj, cov ntsia hlau, thiab rauj.
Cov cuab yeej ntsuas : Cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov tob, qhov chaw, lossis kev pabcuam hauv kev phais, xws li ntsuas qhov tob, txo quab yuam, thiab pob txha awls (AWL).
Kev Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas: Ua ntej X-ray / CT kom paub meej tias hom pob txha, medullary kwj dej txoj kab uas hla thiab ntev, nrog rau kev ntsuas ntawm contralateral tibia raws li siv.
Txoj hauj lwm: Supine txoj hauj lwm nrog lub hauv caug flexion 90 ° -120 ° thiab me ntsis hip adduction (kom txo tau patellar leeg nro). Ib daim duab peb sab radiolucent thav duab tuaj yeem txhawb nqa popliteal fossa rau traction.
Sterile Draping: Txheem limb sterilization thiab draping, kom ntseeg tau C-arm mobility.
Kev Taw Qhia traction: Assistant siv longitudinal traction thaum tus kws phais palpates tibial crest thiab anteromedial nto los kho kev sib tw (ntev, kev sib hloov, angulation).
Instrument-Assisted:
Joystick Technique: Schanz screws muab tso rau hauv qhov sib thooj / distal fragments rau qib qis.
Percutaneous Clamping: Pointed txo forceps rau oblique / kauv pob txha.
Distractor: Loj distractor tso coronally (proximal Schanz ntsia hlau thaum uas tig mus rau tibial toj siab, distal tus pin nyob rau hauv talus los yog distal tibia) kom ntev.
Keeb kwm:
Nkag taw tes 1cm distal rau anterior tibial toj siab ntug, ua raws nrog medullary axis.
Fluoroscopic kev pom zoo: AP saib aligns nrog tibial crest, lateral view parallels tibial axis.
Qhib Cov Cuab Yeej:
Cannulated laum tshaj guidewire (nrog lub tes tsho tiv thaiv) los yog nkhaus khoom awl.
Tes reamers (6-8mm) rau cov pob txha qub nrog cov kwj dej occlusion.
Guidewire Placement: Pob-tipped guidewire khoov 10-15mm ntawm lub ntsis rau kev puas tsuaj. Fluoroscopic kev pom zoo ntawm distal physeal caws pliav (qhov chaw pob taws).
Reaming raws tu qauv:
Saj zawg zog reamers pib ntawm 8 hli, nce 0.5 hli kom txog thaum cortical 'chatter' (feem ntau 1-1.5 hli > ntsia thawv txoj kab uas hla).
Nco tseg: Kev rho tawm tsis tu ncua tshem tawm cov khib nyiab; tsis txhob thermal necrosis.
Kev txiav txim siab ntev:
Intraoperative ntsuas: Guidewire overlap method or fluoroscopic ruler ( nkag taw tes rau pob qij txha).
Xyuas kom cov ntsia hlau taub ncav cuag lub cev caws pliav yam tsis muaj proximal protrusion.
Insertion Technique:
Tes-ua ntej tshaj guidewire; kho qhov txo yog tias tsis kam tshwm sim.
Ua kom txo qis thaum kis rau cov pob txha tawg.
Lub tswv yim ua ntu zus
Ntev-ruaj khov fractures: Proximal locking ua ntej (ib leeg ntsia hlau tso cai rau dynamization).
Ntev-tsis ruaj khov/comminuted fractures: Distal locking thawj zaug ua raws li 'backslap' kom compress.
Kev ntsuas qhov sib npaug
≥2 screws ntawm aiming ntaus ntawv (multidirectional rau proximal puas).
Distal Xauv
Cov txheej txheem fluoroscopic: Central beam perpendicular rau cov ntsia hlau qhov ('zoo meej voj voog'), percutaneous drilling.
≥2 screws rau cov pob txha tawg (tej zaum yuav muab AP / oblique orientations).
End Cap: Xaiv qhov kev tso tawm (tiv thaiv cov pob txha ingrowth), xyuas kom tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke.
Kaw qhov txhab: Layered patellar tendon kho nrog xoob subcutaneous sutures.
Thaum Ntxov Rehabilitation:
Limb nce; soj ntsuam rau compartment syndrome nyob rau hauv 24 teev.
Pib ua kom muaj kev sib koom tes sib koom ua ke (tej pob taws, lub hauv caug flexion) ntawm POD 1-2.
Weight-Bearing Protocol:
Ib nrab qhov hnyav-cov kabmob rau 6 lub lis piam (hloov ib qho kev ruaj ntseg), nce mus rau tag nrho thaum callus tshwm.
Ua raws li: Kev soj ntsuam kuaj mob / kuaj hluav taws xob ntawm 2, 6, thiab 12 lub lis piam.
Lub hauv paus loj: Raynham, Massachusetts, USA
Cov khoom lag luam Flagship:
Tus Kws Tibial Nail (ETN) - Tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg hauv cov pob txha tibial.
T2 Tibial Nail - Muab kev txhim kho kho thiab compression.
Lub zog tseem ceeb: Muaj zog R & D, kev faib thoob ntiaj teb, thiab kev koom ua ke nrog cov kev daws teeb meem.
Headquarters: Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
Cov khoom lag luam Flagship:
T2 Tibial Nail - Modular system rau tibial ncej tawg.
Gamma3 Tibial Nail - Muab cov ntsia hlau intramedullary nrog kev xaiv xauv.
Lub zog tseem ceeb: Advanced robotics (Mako), cov kev daws teeb meem me me, thiab cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog raug mob.
Lub hauv paus loj: London, UK
Cov khoom lag luam Flagship:
TRIGEN Tibial Nail - Tsim kom yooj yim ntawm kev ntxig thiab ruaj khov.
IM Tibial Nail - Intramedullary fixation rau tibial pob txha.
Lub zog tseem ceeb: Tsom ntsoov rau cov tshuaj kis las thiab kev raug mob, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.
Lub hauv paus loj: Changzhou, Suav
Cov khoom lag luam Flagship:
Distal Tibial Intramedullary Nail (DTN) - Ua kom zoo rau cov pob txha tawg.
Tus kws tshaj lij Tibia Intramedullary Nail - Lub zog muaj zog titanium alloy tsim.
Suprapatellar Approach Tibial Intramedullary Nail - Qhov cuam tshuam tsawg kawg nkaus.
Tibial Intramedullary Nail - Ntau yam kev xaiv kho.
Lub zog tseem ceeb: cov kev daws teeb meem raug nqi, nthuav dav thoob ntiaj teb.
Lub hauv paus loj: Warsaw, Indiana, USA
Cov khoom lag luam Flagship:
ZNN Tibial Nail - Anatomic tsim rau kev txhim kho haum.
Natural Nail System - Mimics ntuj pob txha mechanics.
Lub zog tseem ceeb: Muaj zog hauv kev sib koom ua ke, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm biologics, thiab kev daws teeb meem ntawm tus kheej.
Lub hauv paus loj: Lewisville, Texas, USA
Cov khoom lag luam Flagship:
LON Tibial Nail (Lateral Orthopedic Nail) - Tsim los rau kev nkag mus rau sab nraud.
Lub zog tseem ceeb: Tshwj xeeb hauv pob txha stimulation, limb deformity kho.
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