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Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: Purpose and Classification

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Vertebroplasty Procedure

Minimally Invasive Spinal Treatment

Introduction to Vertebroplasty

Vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. It is primarily applied to thoracic and lumbar fractures, where bone cement is injected into the collapsed vertebra to stabilize the bone, relieve pain, and restore vertebral height. The technique includes two main approaches: Percutaneous Vertebroplasty (PVP) and Percutaneous Kyphoplasty (PKP).

350 1
PVP 
350 2
PKP 

1. Percutaneous Vertebroplasty (PVP)

In PVP, a small incision of about 2 mm is made on the patient's back. Under fluoroscopic guidance, a needle is advanced percutaneously through the pedicle into the vertebral body. Bone cement is then injected via the working channel, quickly hardening to stabilize the fractured vertebra, prevent further collapse, and provide substantial pain relief.

350 3
PCVP

2. Percutaneous Kyphoplasty (PKP)

In PKP, after accessing the fractured vertebra, a balloon is inserted and inflated to restore part of the vertebral height and create a cavity inside the bone. Bone cement is then injected in stages: the balloon compacts the surrounding cancellous bone, creating a barrier against cement leakage, while staged injection reduces injection pressure, significantly lowering the risk of cement extravasation.

350 4
PCKP 

Effects and Indications of Vertebroplasty

01. Pain Relief

Both balloon kyphoplasty (PKP) and traditional percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) provide rapid, reliable, and highly effective pain relief, while also preventing further compression or collapse of fractured vertebrae. Clinical experience has consistently confirmed their remarkable early analgesic effect, with overall patient satisfaction rates exceeding 80%. When it comes to restoring vertebral height and correcting spinal kyphotic deformities, PKP demonstrates superior outcomes compared to PVP.

02. Reduced Complications

A PVP procedure typically takes around 30 minutes, and most patients are able to get out of bed and resume normal activities within 24 hours under lumbar brace protection. This early mobilization significantly reduces the risk of bed rest–related complications, such as hypostatic pneumonia, pressure ulcers, and deep vein thrombosis, while also easing the burden of long-term nursing care. Moreover, early ambulation prevents bone loss caused by prolonged immobility, breaking the vicious cycle of disuse osteoporosis.

Indications

01. Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures represent the most common indication for vertebroplasty. In patients with reduced bone density and fragility due to osteoporosis, even minor daily activities such as bending, coughing, sneezing, or lifting can cause vertebral fractures, leading to persistent or severe pain that significantly impairs quality of life. Vertebroplasty effectively relieves pain, enhances spinal stability, and helps patients regain mobility.

02. Benign Vertebral Tumors and Malignant Bone Metastases

Vertebroplasty is also indicated for benign vertebral tumors, such as hemangiomas, as well as malignant spinal metastases from cancers like multiple myeloma, lung cancer, breast cancer, or prostate cancer. These conditions often cause osteolytic destruction, pathological fractures, and spinal instability, resulting in severe pain or even neurological compression. Vertebroplasty strengthens the vertebrae, alleviates pain, and reduces the risk of further complications.

03. Other Cases

In carefully selected cases, vertebroplasty may also be considered for certain acute burst fractures or vertebral hematomas, provided that the clinical conditions meet specific safety criteria.

Medical Equipment

Percutaneous Balloon Kyphoplasty (PKP)
Our complete set of vertebroplasty instruments includes specialized needles, bone cement delivery systems, and inflatable balloon tamps for kyphoplasty procedures.
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