Ring External Fixator

The basic goal of fracture fixation is to stabilize the fractured bone, to enable fast healing of the injured bone, and to return early mobility and full function of the injured extremity.

External fixation is a technique used to help heal severely broken bones. This type of orthopedic treatment involves securing the fracture with a specialized device called a fixator, which is external to the body. Using special bone screws (commonly called pins) that pass through the skin and muscle, the fixator is connected to the damaged bone to keep it in proper alignment as it heals.

What is an external fixator used for?

An external fixation device may be used to keep fractured bones stabilized and in alignment. The device can be adjusted externally to ensure the bones remain in an optimal position during the healing process. This device is commonly used in children and when the skin over the fracture has been damaged.

What are the types of external fixator?

There are three basic types of external fixators: standard uniplanar fixator, ring fixator, and hybrid fixator.

The numerous devices used for internal fixation are roughly divided into a few major categories: wires, pins and screws, plates, and intramedullary nails or rods.

Staples and clamps are also used occasionally for osteotomy or fracture fixation. Autogenous bone grafts, allografts, and bone graft substitutes are frequently used for the treatment of bone defects of various causes. For infected fractures as well as for treatment of bone infections, antibiotic beads are frequently used.

Ring External Fixator

REF：6100-1207

Used for：Femur，Tibia

Configuration：Rings with 1 ear，rings with six ear，standard post 6 pcs.

The Ring External Fixator: A Comprehensive Guide

When it comes to treating complex fractures and bone deformities, orthopedic surgeons often rely on external fixation devices. One of the most versatile and effective external fixators is the ring external fixator. This device consists of circular rings, connecting rods, and various types of pins and wires that are used to hold broken or deformed bones in place. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide to the ring external fixator, including its history, types, applications, and potential complications.

History of Ring External Fixation

The concept of external fixation dates back to ancient times, when splints made of wood, metal, or leather were used to immobilize broken limbs. However, it was not until the early 20th century that the first ring external fixator was developed by the German surgeon Dr. Gavril Ilizarov. Ilizarov's invention, known as the Ilizarov apparatus, revolutionized the treatment of complex bone fractures and deformities, and has since been widely adopted by orthopedic surgeons around the world.

Anatomy of the Ring External Fixator

The ring external fixator consists of several components, including circular rings, connecting rods, and pins/wires. The rings are usually made of stainless steel or titanium, and are available in various sizes and shapes to accommodate different anatomical regions. The connecting rods are also made of metal and are used to connect the rings to each other. The pins and wires are inserted through the skin and into the bone, providing stability and support to the fractured or deformed bone.

Types of Ring External Fixation

There are several types of ring external fixation devices, each with its own specific design and application. Some of the most common types include:

Ilizarov Fixator

The Ilizarov fixator is the original ring external fixator developed by Dr. Gavril Ilizarov. It consists of circular rings connected by threaded rods, and is secured to the bone using thin wires or half-pins. The Ilizarov fixator is highly versatile and can be used to treat a wide range of orthopedic conditions, including complex fractures, bone infections, and limb length discrepancies.

Taylor Spatial Frame

The Taylor Spatial Frame is a modern ring external fixator that combines the principles of the Ilizarov fixator with computer-assisted technology. It consists of six adjustable struts that are connected to a ring at each end, and can be adjusted in three dimensions to correct bone deformities or length discrepancies. The Taylor Spatial Frame is particularly useful for treating complex deformities of the long bones, such as bowing or twisting.

Circular External Fixator

The circular external fixator is a simpler version of the Ilizarov fixator, consisting of circular rings connected by smooth rods. It is often used for the stabilization of fractures and soft tissue injuries of the foot and ankle.

Applications of Ring External Fixation

The ring external fixator has numerous applications in orthopedic surgery, including:

• Treatment of complex fractures that cannot be treated with traditional casting or plating techniques.

• Correction of bone deformities, such as limb length discrepancies, angular deformities, or rotational deformities.

• Management of bone infections, such as osteomyelitis, by providing stable fixation and promoting bone regeneration.

• Reconstruction of damaged or lost bone tissue, using techniques such as distraction osteogenesis or bone transport.

Potential Complications of Ring External Fixation

Like any surgical procedure, ring external fixation carries certain risks and potential complications. Some of the most common complications include:

• Pin site infections: The pins and wires used in external fixation can cause infection if not properly maintained or if the skin around the pins becomes irritated.

• Joint stiffness: The prolonged immobil ization associated with ring external fixation can lead to joint stiffness and reduced range of motion.

• Nerve damage: The pins and wires used in external fixation can cause nerve damage if they are inserted too deeply or if they come into direct contact with nerves.

• Hardware failure: The rings, rods, pins, and wires used in external fixation can break or become dislodged, leading to loss of stability and potential failure of the procedure.

To minimize the risk of complications, it is important for patients undergoing ring external fixation to closely follow their surgeon's instructions for care and maintenance of the device, including proper pin site hygiene and regular follow-up appointments.

Conclusion

The ring external fixator is a highly effective and versatile device for the treatment of complex fractures, bone deformities, and other orthopedic conditions. Its unique design and numerous applications have made it an essential tool in the orthopedic surgeon's toolkit. However, like any surgical procedure, ring external fixation carries certain risks and potential complications, which can be minimized through proper care and close follow-up with a skilled orthopedic surgeon.

FAQs

1. How long does it take to recover from ring external fixation? The length of recovery depends on the type and severity of the condition being treated, as well as the patient's overall health and compliance with postoperative care instructions. Some patients may require several months of immobilization and rehabilitation before returning to normal activities.

2. Is ring external fixation painful? The insertion of pins and wires can cause some discomfort or pain, which can usually be managed with pain medication or local anesthesia. Patients may also experience some discomfort or stiffness during the immobilization period, but this typically improves as the bone heals and rehabilitation progresses.

3. Can ring external fixation be used for pediatric patients? Yes, ring external fixation can be used for pediatric patients with complex fractures or deformities. However, special care must be taken to ensure proper growth and development of the affected limb, as well as to minimize the risk of complications such as pin site infections or growth plate damage.

4. How long does the ring external fixator need to be in place? The length of time that the external fixator needs to be in place depends on the type and severity of the condition being treated, as well as the patient's individual response to treatment. In some cases, the external fixator may need to be in place for several months or even up to a year.

5. Will I be able to return to normal activities after ring external fixation? In most cases, patients are able to return to normal activities after the external fixator is removed and the bone has healed. However, this can depend on the type and severity of the condition being treated, as well as the patient's individual response to treatment. Your surgeon can provide guidance on the appropriate timeline for resuming specific activities.