Omanyi ebyafaayo by’okukuba emisumaali mu nnyindo?

Okujja kw’omusumaali oguyitibwa intramedullary nail kwakyusa enkola y’obujjanjabi bw’okumenya amagumba amawanvu. Wadde ng’obukodyo buno bwaliwo okumala ebyasa bingi, tebwatuuka ku mbeera gye bulimu kati okutuusa mu kitundu eky’okubiri eky’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri.

Ekkubo erituusa ku buwanguzi teryali lyangu bulijjo, kubanga akakodyo kano kaasisinkanye okubuusabuusa n’okugaana abamanyi bangi mu kitundu ekisooka eky’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri. Leero, okuyita mu buyiiya mu byuma, obukodyo bw’okulongoosa n’obukugu mu kulaba ekitangaala, okukuba emisumaali mu misuwa kifuuse omutindo gw’okulabirira okumenya amagumba amawanvu.

Enkulaakulana mu kumanya kw’abantu mu by’obutonde (biomechanical knowledge) esobozesezza okutondebwawo kw’enteekateeka eno ey’omulembe. Okukuba emisumaali mu misuwa egy’omulembe kimanyiddwa olw’emiwendo gy’obulwadde emitono, enkovu entono, okutebenkera obulungi mu kumenya, n’okutambula amangu kw’omulwadde.

Okwekenenya ebyafaayo okwakolebwa mu kiwandiiko kino kugenderera okufunza enkulaakulana y’omusumaali ogw’omu lubuto, okulaga ebikulu ebigutuukako, okwanjula embeera y’ekiseera ey’okukozesa okusooka n’enkulaakulana eyaddirira ey’omusumaali ogw’omu nnyindo, n’okwanjula ekifo ky’omusumaali ogw’omunda mu by’amagumba n’obuvune obw’omulembe guno (okugeza, ekifaananyi 1).

Okuzaalibwa kw’omusumaali oguyitibwa intramedullary nail

Abamisiri ab’edda baasooka kukozesa ekyuma ekiyitibwa intramedullary ekifaananako n’omusumaali. Obulabirizi obw’okulongoosa obuzibu obw’okumenya omubiri tebwali buyinza kubawo emyaka mingi bwe gityo emabega.

Kyokka ekikakafu kiri nti Abamisiri ab’edda baalina obukodyo obw’amaanyi obw’okusiiga eddagala nga buva mu kukkiriza kwabwe mu kuzuukira kw’omubiri mu bulamu obw’oluvannyuma lw’okufa.

Kino kyali bwe kityo ku mummy eyitibwa Usermontu eyasangibwa mu ntaana ya Tutankhamun, omusumaali ogwali guteekeddwako obuwuzi wakati w’ekisambi n’ekisambi okutebenkeza ekinywa ky’okugulu (nga mu kifaananyi 2).

Abakugu mu by’okukuula eby’edda bateebereza nti omulambo ogwali munda mu ssabo teyali Usermontu yennyini, wabula omuntu omulala eyasikizibwa ababbi ab’edda ab’entaana mu mwaka gwa 600 B.C.E.

Nga wayise emyaka 2000, Bernardino de Sahagun, omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu ku lugendo lwa Hernando Cortes, yategeeza nti omulwadde omulamu mu Mexico yasooka kukozesa misumaali mu nnyindo.

Mu 1524, yalaba omusawo w'amagumba g'Abaaziteeki (ayitibwa 'Tezalo') ng'asala amagumba ng'akozesa ekiso kya obsidian n'oluvannyuma n'ayingiza omuggo gwa resin mu kisenge ky'amagumba okutebenkeza okumenya. Olw’obutaba na bukodyo bwa kulongoosa bumala n’eddagala eritta obuwuka, enkola zino zaali zirina ebizibu bingi ate nga n’abafa bangi.

Emyaka gya 1800: Emitendera egyasooka

Nga mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1800, ebitabo by’ebyobujjanjabi ebyasooka byawandiika ku kukuba emisumaali mu misuwa. Diefenbach, Langenbeck, Bardenheuer n’abasawo abalala abalongoosa aboogera Olugirimaani kyategeezeddwa nti baakozesa emisumaali egy’amasanga mu busimu bw’amagumba amawanvu okujjanjaba amagumba agatali gatambula.

Mu kiseera kye kimu, Nicholas Senn ow’e Chicago, omukugu mu kunoonyereza era omusawo omukugu mu kulongoosa mu magye, yakola okugezesa okunyweza omubiri mu nnyindo. Yakozesanga ekituli ekirimu ebituli ekikoleddwa mu ggumba ly'ente n'akiyingiza mu medulla okujjanjaba 'pseudarthrosis' oluvannyuma lw'okumenya.

Mu 1886, Heinrich Bircher owa Switzerland yannyonnyola mu lukiiko lw’abalongoosa engeri y’okuyingiza emisumaali egy’amasanga mu kisenge ky’omubiri (medulla) okusobola okujjanjaba ennyo okumenya okuzibu (Figure 3).

Nga wayise emyaka mitono, Themistocles Gluck mu Bugirimaani yatonda omusumaali ogwasooka ogw’amasanga oguyitibwa intramedullary nail nga guliko ekituli ku nkomerero y’omusumaali, bwe kityo n’atandikawo endowooza y’okukwatagana omulundi gwe ogusoose.

Mu kiseera kye kimu, Julius Nicolaysen okuva e Norway ye yasooka okuwandiika ku misingi gy’obutonde (biomechanical principles) egy’okukuba emisumaali mu bitundu by’omubiri (intramedullary nailing of proximal femoral fractures). Yakikkaatirizza obwetaavu bw’okwongera ku buwanvu bw’omusumaali oguyingira mu mubiri okusobola okufuna enkizo ennene mu by’obutonde n’okuwa obukuumi kumpi eggumba lyonna.

Era ye yasooka okuteesa ku ndowooza ya proximal ne distal nail/bone interlocking okukola dizayini y’okusiba okutambula (static locking). Abamanyi abamu bamutwala nga taata w’okukuba emisumaali mu nnyindo (intramedullary nailing).

Mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1800, bapayoniya nga Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis e Vienna ne JosephLister e Glasgow baali bataddewo omusingi gw’okulongoosa okuzaala. Kino kyali kizibu kya mulembe kubanga kyasobozesa okukola obukodyo obupya obw’okulongoosa mu mbeera ezitaliimu buwuka.

Emyaka gya 1900: Enkulaakulana

Mu 1912, omusawo Omuzungu Ernest Hay Groves ye yali omusawo eyasooka okukozesa omuggo ogw’ekyuma ekigumu ng’omusumaali ogw’omu nnyindo era ye yali omutandisi w’enkola y’omusumaali ogw’okudda emabega.

Yafuna obumanyirivu bwe mu Ssematalo I bwe yajjanjaba abalwadde abaali bafunye obulwadde bwa pseudarthrosis abaali tebaagala kusalako bitundu byabwe eby’omubiri. Teyakoma ku kwogera ku nkola eyasooka ey’okukuba emisumaali mu misuwa eyasobozesa okugatta amagumba okuyita mu buvune obutono, naye era yali mukugu mu kukozesa emisumaali egy’omu misuwa n’emisumaali emitonotono okutereeza okumenya.

Yagezesa ebintu ebiteekebwa mu mubiri ebikoleddwa mu aluminiyamu, magnesium n’ekyuma era n’ategeera obukulu bwa biomechanics mu kuwonya okumenya. Wadde kyali kityo, akakodyo ka Ernest Hay Groves kaakosebwa omuwendo omunene ogw’okukwatibwa endwadde era n’olwekyo teyatwalibwa nnyo abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye.

Mu 1931, Smith-Petersen, omusawo w’amagumba Omumerika, yaleeta sikulaapu ey’ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse eky’ebiwaawaatiro bisatu okujjanjaba okumenya ensingo y’ekisambi mu bitundu by’omubiri ebiyitibwa intra-articular capsule femoral neck. Yakola enkola enzigule eyasala ekitundu eky’okusatu eky’omu maaso eky’omutwe gw’omugongo, n’ayingira mu kifo eky’okulongoosebwa okuyita ku ludda olw’omu maaso olwa broad fascial tensor, oluvannyuma n’addamu okuteeka mu kifo ekimenyese n’akozesa impactor okuvuga sikulaapu y’ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse mu mutwe gw’ekisambi (Figure 4).

Olw’obuwanguzi bw’okugezesebwa kwa Smith-Petersen, abasawo bangi abalongoosa baatandika okugezesa ebyuma ebiteekebwa mu mubiri okusobola okumenya. sven Johansson yayiiya omusumaali ogulimu ekituli mu 1932; obuyiiya bwe obw’amagezi bwakozesa empiso ya kerfing eyasobozesa okuyingiza omusumaali ogw’omu lubuto nga gufugibwa nga gukulemberwa amasannyalaze. Ebitundu ebikulu eby’ekikugu bye yakozesa bikyakozesebwa n’okutuusa leero.

Nga bagenda mu maaso n’eddaala erimu, Rush ne muganda we baatandikawo enkola y’omusumaali oguyitibwa elastic intramedullary nail mu 1937.

Baakozesa omusumaali ogw’ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse oguwanvuwa, nga tegunnafukamira mu lubuto ne bagezaako okukola ensengekera y’okunyweza ensonga ssatu mu nnyindo okusobola okuziyiza omuze gw’okusengulwa okw’ekyekulungirivu okwetooloola okumenya.

Mu ndowooza yaabwe, ekitundu ky’ebitundu ebigonvu ekitaliiko kamogo kikola nga bbandi y’okusika eziyiza okusika omuguwa okukolebwa omusumaali ogwa laasitiki ogwasooka okufukamira. Enzimba yazo yalina ekkomo olw’ebintu ebiwanvuwa eby’ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse, ekyakyuka nga bukyali okuva ku kukyukakyuka kwa laasitiki okudda mu kukyukakyuka kw’obuveera. Ekisembayo kiyinza okuvaako okusengulwa okw’okubiri n’okuwona kw’obulema.

Okugatta ku ekyo, emisumaali egy’omu kiwanga gitera okufuluma ku mulyango oguyingira oba okuyingira mu bisenge by’amagumba ebiyitibwa cancellous bone structures, oba n’okukutuka munda mu kiwanga. Wadde kyali kityo, omukugu mu Vienna Ender yagenda mu maaso n’okukozesa enkola eno ng’omusingi gw’essomero lya Ender ery’okunyweza okumenya era n’okutuusa kati ekozesebwa okunyweza okukyukakyuka kw’okumenya kw’abaana.

Omusumaali gw’obusimu bw’amagumba

Mu 1939, omusawo Omugirimaani Gerhard Küntscher, eyalondebwa okuwangula ekirabo kya Nobel, yakola omusumaali ogw’ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse oguyitibwa intramedullary nail okujjanjaba okumenya ekikolo ky’ekisambi.

Küntscher n’abalala baaluŋŋamizibwa sikulaapu z’ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse eza Smith-Petersen ezikozesebwa okujjanjaba okumenya ensingo y’ekisambi era nga balowooza nti emisingi gye gimu giyinza okukozesebwa ku kumenya kw’ekikolo. Omusumaali ogw’omu lubuto gwe baakola mu kusooka gwali gwa V mu kitundu ekisala ate nga gwa mm 7-10 mu buwanvu.

Oluvannyuma lw’okunoonyereza ku mirambo n’ebisolo, yayanjula omusumaali ogw’omu lubuto n’enkola y’okulongoosa mu lukiiko lw’okulongoosa mu Berlin mu 1940. Mu kusooka, obuyiiya bwe bwasekererwa banne Abagirimaani, wadde ng’enkola ye yafuna ettutumu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II.

Hippocrates (460-370 BC), omusawo ow'edda ow'omulembe gw'Abayonaani eyatera okuyitibwa taata w'obusawo, lumu yagamba nti, 'Ayagala okulongoosa alina okugenda mu lutalo'; bwe kityo bwe kyali ne ku Küntscher.

Mu kiseera ky’Abanazi, Küntscher yali asimbiddwa mu ddwaaliro eryali ku ludda lwa Finland. Eyo, yasobola okulongoosa abalwadde n’abasibe b’olutalo mu kitundu ekyo. Yaleeta enkola y’okusiba emisumaali mu busimu bw’amagumba ng’akozesa enkola y’okulongoosa okuggaddwa n’okuggulawo.

Mu nkola enzigale, yayisa omusumaali ogw’omu lubuto mu kkubo ery’okugenda mu maaso ng’ayita mu kitundu ekinene ekiyitibwa trochanter n’aguteeka ku mmeeza ey’okudda emabega ng’ekolebwa n’ekyuma ekiyitibwa sling. Ekitundu ekimenyese kiddamu okuteekebwa mu kifo era omusumaali ne guyingizibwa mu nnyonyi bbiri nga bakozesa head fluoroscopy. Mu nkola enzigule, omusumaali ogw’omu kifuba guyingizibwa nga guyita mu kumenya mu kisenge ky’omugongo nga guyita mu kifo ekisaliddwa okumpi ne layini y’okumenya.Küntscher akozesa omusumaali ogw’omu kifuba okujjanjaba okumenya ekikolo ky’ekisambi awamu n’okumenya kw’amagulu n’omugongo.

Akakodyo ka Küntscher kafuna okusiimibwa mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw’okuzzibwayo kw’abasibe b’olutalo ab’omukago.

Mu ngeri eno abasawo b’Abamerika n’Abangereza abalongoosa baamanyiira omusumaali ogw’omu misuwa ogwakolebwa Küntscher era ne bategeera ebirungi byagwo mu ngeri etegeerekeka obulungi mu mulembe guno ogw’engeri z’obujjanjabi bw’okumenya.

Mu bbanga ttono, abasawo abalongoosa okwetooloola ensi yonna beeyongera okutandika okwettanira enkola ye, era omusumaali gwa Küntscher ogwali guyingira mu nnyindo gwakyusa enkola y’okujjanjaba abantu abamenyese nga gukendeeza ku budde omulwadde bwe yamala okuwona kumpi omwaka mulamba. Abalwadde abaali bandibadde nga tebatambula mu cast okumala emyezi kati basobola okutambula mu nnaku ntono.

N’okutuusa kati, omusawo ono Omugirimaani alongoosa atwalibwa ng’omuntu omukulu eyakola omusumaali ogw’omu lubuto, era alina ekifo ekikulu mu byafaayo by’okulongoosa omusumaali ogw’obuvune.

Okugaziya Omusumaali mu Intramedullary

Mu 1942, Fisher ne banne. yasooka kunnyonnyola ku nkozesa y’ekyuma ekikuba obusigo ekigaziya ekyuma okwongera ku kifo we bakwatagana wakati w’omusumaali ogw’omu kifuba n’eggumba n’okulongoosa obutebenkevu bw’okunyweza okumenya.

Wadde kiri kityo, Küntscher yaleeta ekyuma ekiyitibwa flexible-guided reaming drill ekikyakozesebwa n’okutuusa leero era nga kiwagira okusala ku buwanvu bwonna obw’ekituli ky’amagumba eky’ekikolo ky’amagumba okusobola okwanguyiza okuyingiza emisumaali egy’omu magumba egya diameter ennene.

Mu kusooka, intramedullary reaming yategekebwa okwongera ennyo ekitundu amagumba we gakwatagana n’omusumaali mu intramedullary okusobola okunyweza okutebenkera kw’okumenya n’okutambula amangu kw’omulwadde.

Nga bwe kyayogerwako Smith et al, buli mm 1 ey’okugaziwa kw’omubiri (medullary expansion) kwongera ku kitundu ky’okukwatagana ne 38%. Kino kisobozesa okukozesa emisumaali eminene era emikalu egy’omu misuwa, okutumbula okutebenkera okutwalira awamu kw’ensengekera y’okunyweza okumenya.

Wabula newankubadde nga omusumaali gwa Küntscher ogw’omu nnyindo n’ekyuma kyagwo ekigonvu eky’okusima amagumba gwafuuka ekyuma ekituufu eky’okunyweza amagumba munda okusala amagumba, abayivu baagufiirwa ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1960 ne bawagira ebipande ebipya ebyakolebwa ebya Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO).

Emyaka gya 1960: Emirembe gy’Ekizikiza

Mu myaka gya 1960, okusiba emisumaali mu bitundu by’omubiri (intramedullary nailing) kwaggyibwawo mu bwangu ne kidda mu kunyweza okumenya kwa pulati ne sikulaapu.

Wadde ng’enkola ya Küntscher yakola bulungi, abasawo abalongoosa okwetooloola ensi yonna baagigaana olw’ebyava mu kulongoosa obubi.

Okugatta ku ekyo, abasawo abamu abalongoosa baatandika okulekawo obukodyo bw’okukozesa obusannyalazo, gamba ng’okukebera omutwe, kubanga abasawo abalongoosa baatandika okwetamwa ebizibu ebibi ebiva mu kukozesa obusannyalazo. Enkulaakulana y’okusiba emisumaali mu nnyindo teyakoma awo, wadde nga waaliwo okukkaanya okw’ensi yonna okwa bulijjo ku nkozesa y’enkola z’okunyweza munda mu pulati.

Küntscher, omusawo Omugirimaani, yategeera ebirungi ebiri mu kukwatagana era n'akola omusumaali ogukwatagana mu ngeri y'amakoola ga clover, gwe yatuuma 'omusumaali ogw'okusiba'. Ekisinziiro kya Achilles eky’ensengeka y’emisumaali egy’omu lubuto (intramedullary nail design) ey’omulembe ogwo yali obutasobola kutebenkeza kumenyamenya oba okumenya okwali kusenguddwa mu nkoona ennene Eky’okugonjoola ekizibu kino kwe kukozesa sikulaapu ezisiba.

Ekizibu kino ekyagonjoolwa kwe kutebenkeza omusumaali ogw’omu lubuto nga bakozesa sikulaapu eggalawo.

Mu ngeri eno, ekintu ekisimbibwa kyali kisobola bulungi okuziyiza amaanyi g’okubeebalama n’okukyukakyuka ate nga kiziyiza okufunza ebitundu by’omubiri. Nga bakozesa ebirowoozo ebigatta okuva mu Küntscher, Klaus Klemm, ne Wolf-Dieter Schellmann, omusumaali ogw’omu mugongo gwakolebwa okusobola okuwa obutebenkevu obusingawo nga basooka kusima ebituli bya sikulaapu okumpi n’ewala n’omusumaali ogw’omu mugongo, ogwasibirwa ku sikulaapu eyayingizibwa.

Mu myaka mitono egyaddirira, enkulaakulana mu kutangaaza ebifaananyi mu ngeri ya fluoroscopic yasobozesa okuddamu okulonda obukodyo bw’okuggalawo n’okukendeeza ku kumenya.

Emyaka gya 1970 ne 1980: Okuzuukira

Mu myaka gya 1970, okwagala ennyo enkola y’okukuba emisumaali mu nnyindo (intramedullary nailing concept) ey’omusawo Omugirimaani Küntscher eyali alongoosa.

Closed reduction intramedullary nail fixation for fractures, with its intersection of flexible reaming and interlocking concepts and enhanced clarity of fluoroscopic techniques, yavuga enkulaakulana n’okusaasaanya enkola eno ennungi ennyo ey’okulongoosa, eyamanyibwa olw’okwonooneka okutono okw’ebitundu ebigonvu, okutebenkera obulungi, n’okutambula kw’omulwadde amangu.

Mu kiseera ekyo, ensi y’abayivu yasiigibwa mu buyiiya obuwerako obwavuga enkulaakulana y’omulembe ogw’okubiri ogw’okukuba emisumaali mu misuwa.

Mu 1976, Grosse ne Kempf baakola omusumaali ogw’omu nnyindo ogulimu ebitundutundu okusobola okugonjoola ekizibu kya modulo ya elastic ey’omusumaali ogw’omu nnyindo. Omusumaali ogw’omu musuwa tegwalina bifo mu kitundu eky’okumpi era nga gulina ekituli ky’omusumaali ekya sikulaapu ey’okumpi, nga kino kyayingizibwa mu nkoona ya diguli 45 okwongera ku maanyi g’okutebenkera kw’ensengekera y’okunyweza munda mu musumaali ogw’omunda.

Nga wayise emyaka mitono, AO yeegatta ku muze gw’okukula kw’emisumaali mu misuwa ng’akola emisumaali egy’omu misuwa egyalowoozebwa mu ngeri y’emu (Ekifaananyi 5)

Mu 1984, Weinquist ne banne. yateesa enkola ey’amaanyi, eyali ey’okutumbula okuwona kw’enkomerero y’okumenya nga basiiga ebituli bya sikulaapu ebinene ebisiba, okuggyawo sikulaapu ezisiba ezitakyukakyuka, n’oluvannyuma okukyusa ebituli bya sikulaapu ezisiba okuzifuula ebituli by’emisumaali eby’ekyekulungirivu mu dizayini ey’omulembe.

Ekigendererwa ky’enkola ey’amaanyi kwe kutumbula okuwona kw’okumenya n’okwewala obutakwatagana bw’amagumba olw’okukola ekikeerezi.

Mu kiseera kino, intramedullary nailing dynamics efiiriddwa abawagizi baayo ng’enkola eyeetongodde era mu kiseera kino ekozesebwa yokka ng’eky’okugonjoola ekitali kya ssente nnyingi okusinga okukyusa mu bujjuvu enkola y’okunyweza munda mu kujjanjaba okumenya okutawona.

Mu kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu by’obutonde, Gimeno et al. yategeeza nti ekitundu eky’enkyukakyuka wakati w’ebitundu ebitaliiko bifo n’eby’ebituli eby’omusumaali ogw’omu lubuto kyavaamu okubeera n’okunyigirizibwa n’okulemererwa okulongoosebwa kw’ekintu ekisimbibwa munda.

Okusobola okukola ku bizibu bino, Russel ne Taylor et al. yakola omusumaali ogusooka ogutali gwa bifo, ogutali gwa kugaziwa mu 1986, era ne bivaamu ebimatiza.

Mu kiseera kino, ekizibu ky’okusiba emisumaali mu misuwa nakyo kyagenda mu maaso, era nga bwe tumanyi leero, okusiba ne sikulaapu okuyita mu kinnya ekyasimibwa mu misumaali mu misuwa nga tennabaawo yali dizayini ya Klemm ne Schleman mu Bugirimaani. Okuyingiza sikulaapu eno kwandikulembeddwamu enkola ya freehand fluoroscopy, eyandiwadde omusawo alongoosa emisinde mingi.

Leero, ekizibu kino kigonjoddwa n’enkola ey’okutunuulira eby’ewala erimu tekinologiya ow’okulondoola ekifo ky’amasannyalaze, tekinologiya ow’omu ngalo ow’eddembe alungamizibwa mu ngeri ya fluoroscopically, n’ekitabo ekituufu eky’okuteeka emisumaali egy’okumpi.

Emyaka gya 1990: Omusumaali oguyitibwa Titanium intramedullary nail

Mu myaka kkumi egyaddirira, omusumaali gwa Russel-Taylor ogwa intramedullary gwafuuka gwa ttutumu nnyo mu basawo b’amagumba mu nsi yonna. Omutindo gw’okulabirira gwafuuka mpola mpola okusiba emisumaali mu misuwa n’okusiba sikulaapu mu ngeri etali ya kukyukakyuka, nga bwe kiragibwa ebyava mu kunoonyereza okwakolebwa Brumback et al.

Mu kunoonyereza kuno okusuubirwa, ebivuddemu byalaga nti okusiba kwavaamu ebirungi mu mbeera ezisinga era nga tekukwatagana na butagatta kwa kumenya.

Enkulaakulana mu byuma yavaako okuvaayo kw’emisumaali egya titanium intramedullary, egyakozesebwa ennyo mu by’obujjanjabi olw’amaanyi gaago, okugumira obulungi okukulukuta n’okukwatagana kw’ebiramu.

Enkola ya Alta intramedullary nailing system ye yasooka okubeerawo nga titanium intramedullary nail, era ebadde eyanirizibwa nnyo abasawo olw’ebyuma bya titanium, nga kino kyuma kya maanyi naye nga tekikaluba nnyo okusinga ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse.

Naye ebiwandiiko ebiriwo kati bibuusabuusa oba titanium kintu ekisaanira okunyweza munda okusinga ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse naddala olw’ebisale ebyeyongedde ebikwatagana n’okukozesa titanium.

Naye ebirungi ebimu ebya titanium, gamba nga elastic modulus okumpi n’eggumba ly’omubiri (cortical bone) n’okukwatagana kw’ebifaananyi bya magnetic resonance imaging, bigifuula eky’okulonda ekisikiriza.

Okugatta ku ekyo, titanium nkola esikiriza nnyo ng’emisumaali egy’omu lubuto egya diameter entono gyetaagisa.

Emitendera Egiriwo Mu kiseera kino

Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi n’okulemererwa kw’emyaka egiyise, abasawo abalongoosa amagumba balina obumanyirivu bungi nnyo mu kukuba emisumaali mu misuwa.

Intramedullary nail fixation of femoral, tibial and humeral fractures kifuuse omutindo gw’okulabirira okumenya okusinga okuggaddwa n’okumenya okumu okuggule. Enkola empya ez’okutunuulira n’okuteeka ekifo mu kifo kino zifudde enkola eno ennyangu era ng’esobola okuddamu okukola n’abasawo abalongoosa abatalina bumanyirivu.

Emitendera egyakafuluma giraga nti ebyuma bya titanium ne stainless steel birina modulus ya elasticity eya waggulu nnyo era nti stresses ziziba stresses ezinyiiza ezeetaagisa okuwona amagumba. Ebintu ebipya ebiyitibwa biomaterials nga magnesium alloys, shape memory alloys ne resorbable materials mu kiseera kino bigezesebwa mu masomo.

Emisumaali egy’omu misuwa egyakolebwa mu polimeeri ezinyweza kaboni obuwuzi obutasalako nga zirina modulo ya laasitiki erongooseddwa n’amaanyi amangi ag’obukoowu mu kiseera kino ziriwo. Magnesium alloys zirina modulus ya elasticity efaananako n’eya cortical bone era nga zivunda.

Okunoonyereza okwakakolebwa Li et al. balaze ebirungi ebinene mu kujjanjaba okumenya amagumba mu bikolwa by’ebisolo ebiva ku kugatta magnesium ne zoledronate coating okuddaabiriza okumenya, enkola eyinza okufuuka obujjanjabi bw’okumenya amagumba mu biseera eby’omu maaso.

Mu bufunzi

Emyaka bwe gizze giyitawo, olw’enkulaakulana ey’amaanyi mu nteekateeka y’emisumaali egy’omu misuwa, obukodyo bw’ebyuma, n’obukodyo bw’okulongoosa, okusiba emisumaali mu misuwa kukulaakulana ne kufuuka omutindo oguliwo kati ogw’okulabirira amagumba agasinga obungi amawanvu era nkola nnungi, etali ya kuyingirira nnyo, era esobola okuddamu okukolebwa.

Wabula olw’engeri nnyingi ezikoleddwa mu misumaali egy’omu misuwa, amawulire mangi nnyo agabula ku bikwata ku bivaamu byabwe oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa. Okunoonyereza okusingawo kwetaagibwa okuzuula obunene bw’ekika ky’omusumaali mu mubiri ogusinga obulungi, engeri n’obuwanvu bw’okukoona.

Tulagula nti obuyiiya mu by’ebiramu bujja kuzaala okuvaayo kwa dizayini empya ez’emisumaali egy’omu misuwa.

Engeri y'okugulamu ebyuma ebiteekebwa mu magumba n'ebikozesebwa mu kulongoosa amagumba?

A CZMEDITECH , tulina product line enzijuvu ennyo ey'okulongoosa amagumba implants n'ebikozesebwa ebikwatagana, ebintu omuli okuteekebwamu omugongo, emisumaali egy’omu lubuto (intramedullary nails)., essuuka y’okulumwa, ebbakuli y’okusiba, cranial-maxillofacial mu maaso, okuzimba omubiri (prosthesis)., ebikozesebwa eby’amasannyalaze, ebinyweza eby’ebweru, okukebera ebinywa, okulabirira ebisolo n’ebikozesebwa byabwe ebibiwagira.

Okugatta ku ekyo, twewaddeyo okugenda mu maaso n’okukola ebintu ebipya n’okugaziya layini z’ebintu, tusobole okutuukiriza ebyetaago by’okulongoosa eby’abasawo n’abalwadde bangi, era n’okufuula kkampuni yaffe okuvuganya ennyo mu mulimu gwonna ogw’ensi yonna ogw’okussaamu amagumba n’ebikozesebwa.

Tutwala ebweru w’eggwanga mu nsi yonna, kale osobola tukwatagane ku email address song@orthopedic-china.com okufuna quote ku bwereere, oba weereza obubaka ku WhatsApp okufuna eky'amangu +86- 18112515727 .

Bwoba oyagala okumanya ebisingawo,nyiga CZMEDITECH okumanya ebisingawo.