Shin kun san tarihin tsinkaye na tsawa?

Zuwan ƙusar da ƙusa ya sauya tsarin karar kasusuwa mai tsawo. Kodayake dabarun ya wanzu shekaru, ba ta cimma matsayinta na yanzu ba har zuwa na biyu na karni na 20.

Hanyar nasara ba koyaushe ba ce mai sauƙi, kamar yadda aka haɗu da dabara ta hadu da shakku da kuma sauya da malamai da yawa a farkon karni na 20. A yau, ta hanyar sababbin abubuwa a cikin ƙarfe, fasahohin tiyata da kuma dabarun wuta, tsintsaye na faɗakarwa ya zama matsayin kulawa da karar karaya.

Ci gaba a cikin ilimin ɗan adam na ɗan adam ya sanya halittar wannan ƙirar na zamani. Ana bayyanar da tsararrun tsararraki na zamani ta hanyar ƙarancin kamuwa da cuta, ƙarancin kayan adanawa, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, da motsi mai haƙuri nan da nan.

The historical review conducted in this article aims to summarize the evolution of the intramedullary nail, highlight its important milestones, present the period atmosphere of the first use and subsequent evolution of the intramedullary nail, and introduce the place of the intramedullary nail in modern orthopedics and traumatology (eg, Figure 1).

Haihuwar Macijin

A tsohuwar Masarawa da farko sun yi amfani da wata na'urar ta zama mai kama da ƙusa. Kulawa mai rikitarwa na tiyata ba shi yiwuwa ya wanzu shekaru da yawa da suka gabata.

Abin da yake tabbas, cewa ƙasar Masar suna da manyan dabaru masu kyau daga imaninsu a tashinsu na jiki.

Wannan lamari ne da Mummy da ake kira kiran da aka samu a kabarin Tutolun, inda aka saka ƙusa da ke tsakaninta (kamar yadda a cikin hoto 2).

Masu koyar da kayan tarihi suna tantance cewa mummy a cikin sarcophagus ya kai da kansa, amma wani wanda 'yan fashi da suka maye gurbinsu da tsohuwar kaburbura a cikin 600 BCE.

Shekaru 2000 bayan haka, Beragino de Sahagun, masanin ilmin dabbobi ne a kan hernando cores, da aka ruwaito da farko da ke cikin mai haƙuri a cikin Mexico.

A cikin 1524, ya shaida ciwon tiyata na Aztec (mai suna 'Tezalo ') Yi wani ostteotomy ta amfani da wuka na Obsidian sannan kuma saka resin resingy don daidaita karaya. Saboda rashin isasshen fasahohin tiyata da maganin antisepttics, waɗannan hanyoyin suna da babban matsala da kuma yawan mace-mace.

1800s: Matakan farko

A tsakiyar tsakiyar shekarun 1800s, an ba da rahoton mujallolin likitocin na farko na farko kan tsintsaye masu kawowa. Diefenbach, Langenbeck, Bardun likitocin Jamusawa da sauran likitocin Jamusawa da aka yi amfani da ƙusoshin marasa ɗumi a cikin ƙwayoyin kasusuwa don bi da raguwar kasusuwa don bi da lalacewa.

A halin da ake ciki, Nicholas Senn na Chicago, mai bincike da likitan tiyata na avid, an gudanar da gwaje-gwajen tare da gyaran motsa jiki. Zai yi amfani da daskararre da aka yi da ƙwarƙwarar Bovine da saka shi zuwa Medulla don kula da 'psewartrosis ' bayan rauni.

A cikin 1886, Heinrich ya bayyana a cikin wani switzerland da aka bayyana a wurin tiyata kusoshi a cikin medulla don marwa na m jiyya ga m jiyya na hadaddun karaya (Hoto na 3).

Bayan 'yan shekaru daga baya, Reistcoles gluck a cikin Jamus ya kirkiro ƙusoshin farko na farko tare da rami a ƙarshen ƙusa, don haka gabatar da manufar a karon farko.

A daidai wannan lokacin, Julius Nicoolaysen daga Norway shine farkon wanda zai rubuta game da ka'idodin biomechalory na tsakar takunkumi na tsaka-tsaki. Ya nanata buƙatar ƙara tsawon ƙusa na tsoho don samun mafi fa'ida sosai kuma don samar da kariya ga kusan dukkanin ƙashin.

Ya kasance farkon wanda ke ba da shawara game da manufar wakili da distal na ƙuƙumi / ƙayyade ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun ƙwararraki don tsara kwantadewa. An ɗauke shi da wasu malamai a matsayin Uba na Intreduly na Inna.

A tsakiyar 1800s, majagaba kamar wutar Philipp Philipp Philipp Philipp Philipp Semmelweis a Vienna da Josephlister a Glasgow sun dage kafuwar don bakar fata. Wannan wata nasara ce da keɓewa saboda ta ba da ci gaba da haɓaka dabarun tiyata a karkashin yanayin fushi.

1900s: Juyin Halita

A cikin 1912, Muryar likitan mata Erneston Erneston ne na farko don amfani da sandar ƙarfe mai ƙarfi a matsayin ƙusa na intremedullary ƙusa kuma shine majagaba na tsarin ƙwararraki.

Ya sami ƙwarewarsa yayin yakin duniya lokacin da ya bi da marasa lafiya da cutar da ke cutar da shi. Ba wai kawai ya bayyana wani fasaha na farko na al'ada wanda ya yarda osseointate ta milimal rauni ba, amma ya kuma ƙware a cikin amfani da kusoshi mai zurfi da ƙananan ƙusoshi don gyara rauni.

Ya kuma gwada tare da implants da aka yi da aluminium, magnesium da karfe kuma sun kuma gane mahimmancin biomechanics cikin karar karaya. Duk da haka, Ernest Hin Reroves 'dabara ne daga babban adadin kamuwa da cuta kuma saboda haka ba kamar yadda aka san shahara tare da mutanen zamaninsa ba.

A shekara ta 1931, Smith-Petersen, wani likitan Othopopeic, wanda ya gabatar da dunƙulen bakin karfe uku don lura da Intraule-articular capsulewar wuya. Ya tsara hanyar da aka buɗe wanda ya ci gaci na uku na Iliac Creaswor, sannan ya sake yin tasiri da bakin ciki.

Saboda nasarar fitina ta Smetar, mutane da yawa sun fara yin gwaje-gwaje tare da implants na karfe don karaya. SVV Johansson ya kirkiri macen intrated urled ƙusa a 1932; Abubuwan da ke haifar da keɓaɓɓen suna amfani da allura mai amfani wanda ya yarda sarrafa rediyo na shiryayyu mai jagorar ƙusa ƙusa. Abubuwan haɗin fasaha mai mahimmanci ya yi amfani da shi har yanzu suna amfani da yau.

Tafiya daya mataki na gaba, Rush da ɗan'uwansa sun gabatar da manufar cutar Nail na roba a 1937.

Sun yi amfani da na roba na roba, pre-bentleullary ƙusa da ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar tsarin tsinkaye-maki uku don magance halin yin hijira don kawar da ƙaura zuwa karar.

A cikin manufarsu, wani yanki mai laushi mai laushi kamar yadda tashin hankali ya tsuda tudun da aka samar ta hanyar ƙirar roba da aka riga aka samu. Gidajensu ya iyakance da kayan masarar karfe na bakin karfe, wanda ya canza da wuri daga nakikar na roba zuwa lalata filastik. Latterarshe na iya haifar da gudun hijira da nakasa.

Kari akan haka, kusoshi masu tsoratarwa suna iya fita a ƙofar ko shigar da tsarin kashi na ƙashi, ko ma kuma ya sanya a cikin haɗin gwiwa. Ko ta yaya, malamin masanin Vienhesse ya ci gaba da amfani da wannan dabarar a matsayin tushen yankin karaya kuma har yanzu ana amfani dashi a yau don ficewa na karuwa na pedicric.

Ƙashin ƙusa na ƙusa

A shekara ta 1939, likitan tiyata na Jamusanci Gerdler, wani kyautar yabo ta Nobel, wanda aka kirkiro bakin bakin karfe na bakin ciki na ƙusa don lura da karar karar na karar.

KüntSler kuma wasu kuma squereten bakin karfe sukam da aka yi amfani da su don kula da karayawar wuya da kuma yi imani cewa za a iya amfani da wannan ka'idodi iri ɗaya. An bunkasa ƙusa da farko da aka haɓaka da farko a cikin giciye-sashi da 7-10 mm a diamita.

Bayan Cadaveric da nazarin dabbobi, ya gabatar da ƙwararrun Kial da tiyata a taron a cikin 1940. Da farko hanyar sa ta sami shahara bayan yakin duniya na II.

Hippocrates (460-370 BC), tsohuwar likitan Greek-Era-Era sau da yawa ana kiransa da uba na magani dole ne ya yi tiyata dole ne ya tafi yaƙi '; Haka yake game da Küntcher.

A lokacin zamanin Nazi, KüntSlerSler ya tsaya a wani asibiti a gaban firam gaba. A can, ya sami damar yin aiki a kan marasa lafiya da fursunoni na yaƙi a yankin. Ya gabatar da manufar ƙirar ƙashi ta amfani da rufaffiyar hanyar rufewa, bi da bi.

A cikin rufaffiyar tsarin, ya zartar da ƙusa na shiga cikin tsari ta hanyar manyan magungunan da kuma sanya shi a kan teburin maimaitawa. Ana saka karaya kuma an saka ƙusa a cikin jirage biyu ta amfani da fluoroscopy. A cikin hanyar bude, an saka ƙusa ta hanyar karaya cikin medulla ta hanyar karaya na cikin karagar karagar karagar karagar karagar kazalika har ma da karaya da tibial da humadal da humeral.

Kngntsciher ta dabarar da ya samu sanin ƙasashen duniya bayan dawowar fursunoni na yaƙi.

Ta wannan hanyar american da Birtaniyya ya zama sananne game da ƙusa mai shiga ta hanyar KüntScher da KüntScher ya ci gaba da kuma sanin kyakkyawan fa'idodi a wannan zamanin karar magani.

A tsakanin wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, mafi yawan masu tiyata a duniya suka fara daukar hanyarsa, ƙusa ta na tsinkayen karar ta hanyar rage lokacin dawo da mai haƙuri ta hanyar rage lokacin dawo da mai haƙuri. Marasa lafiya da za su zama dole a hana su a cikin simintin watanni na iya kasancewa ta hannu a cikin wani lokaci na kwanaki.

Zuwa yau, an dauki matsar da likitan Jamusawa na ƙusa na ƙusa na tsoho, kuma yana da wuri mai ɗaukar hoto a cikin tarihin tiyata.

Fadada tsoho maig

A cikin 1942, masunta et al. Da farko aka bayyana amfani da Macewar-Fadada Tsara Tsara don ƙara yawan lambar lamba tsakanin ƙuta na shiga da kashi kuma don inganta kwanciyar hankali na ƙayyadadden ƙarfin.

Koyaya, KüntScier ya gabatar da drick-da ke jagorancin sake fasalin rawar da aka yiwa a yau kuma yana tallafawa sake komawa tsawon karar kashi na ƙwararrun ƙuta.

Da farko, intraadullyullary sake yin amfani da shi ne don ƙara yawan adadin ƙirar ƙuƙwalwa tare da ƙusa mai tsoka don tsayayyen motsi da saurin motsi.

Kamar yadda Smith et al, kowane 1 mm na fadada medullary yana ƙara yankin sadarwar ta 38%. Wannan yana ba da damar yin amfani da mafi girma da kuma ƙusoshin da ya fi ƙarfafawa mai zurfi, haɓaka haɓakar haɓakawa na tsarin kararwar ƙasa.

Koyaya, kodayake kodayake ƙusa mai saurin motsa jiki tare da maimaitawar kayan girke-girke na baya ga na 1960s a cikin goyon baya na faranti na Arber Osteosynhesefen (AO).

1960s: tsawan duhu

A cikin shekarun 1960, tsayawar tsawa ne da ba zato ba tsammani a cikin son farantin farji.

Kodayake hanyar KüntScier ke aiki da kyau, likitocin a duk duniya sun ƙi su saboda sakamako mara kyau.

Bugu da kari, wasu likitocin sun fara watsi da hanyoyin radiation, kamar kawuna na kai, saboda harkokin tiyata na hadari da tasirin sakamako masu illa. Bala'i na tsawaitar da ya shafi a can, duk da yarjejeniya ta kasa da kasa don amfani da tsarin gyaran ciki na ciki.

KüntScher, ɗan asalin Jamusanci, wanda aka yarda da fa'idodin aukaki da haɓaka rufaffiyar da aka ɗauko ƙusa mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya ambaci ƙusa mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya ambaci ƙusa mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya ambaci ƙusa mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya ambaci ƙusa-'' rataye ƙusa '. Achilles diddige na ƙirar ƙiren ƙusa na wannan zamanin shine rashin iyawa ta hanyar karawar da aka yi amfani da ita ga wannan matsalar ita ce amfani da kuliyoyin kulle.

Iya warware matsalar wannan matsalar ita ce ka dage ƙusa na shiga tare da dunƙule mai kullewa.

Ta wannan hanyar, wanda ya shafa zai iya yin tsayayya da lanƙwasa da kuma matsalolin juyi yayin hana reshen reshe. Amfani da Haɗin ra'ayoyi daga Küntsciher, Klaus Klemmer, da Wolf-Dieter, an kirkiro ƙusa mafi girma da ƙurjin da aka saka.

A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, ci gaba a cikin FurtoScopic hoto tsabta don sake zaɓin zubar da rauni da rage fasahohi.

1970s da 1980s: Tarurrukan

A shekarun 1970, sha'awa a cikin tsararren tsararraki na likitan tiyata ta Jamusawa ya kasance mai zafi.

Rufewar tsinkaye na ƙwararraki don karaya, tare da tilastawa na maimaitawa da kuma inganta haɓakar ƙwayar cuta, da haɓaka ƙarancin ƙarfin hali, da kuma motsi mai haƙuri.

A wancan lokacin, duniyar ilimi ta yanke ta a jerin sababbin sababbin abubuwa waɗanda suka hana ci gaban ƙarni na biyu na tsawa na biyu na tsawa.

A cikin 1976, Grosse da Kempf ya kirkiro ƙusa mai ban sha'awa don magance matsalar modulus na roba na ƙusa ƙusa. Ba a cika ƙusa ba a cikin yankin da ya shafi kuma yana da rami ƙusa don dunƙulewar kusurwar, wanda aka saka a kusurwar mai tsayi na tsibi na ƙwararren tsarin gyaran ciki.

Bayan 'yan shekaru daga baya, Ao ya haɗu da yanayin cigaban ƙirar ƙwararraki ta hanyar haɓakawa daidai kwatangwalo na farko ƙusoshi (Hoto na 5)

A cikin 1984, win'oist et al. Ya gabatar da tsauraran tsarin warkarwa, wanda shine inganta ƙarshen ramuka na dunƙule, cire makullin kulle-kullewa a cikin ramuka na kullewa a cikin ramuka na zamani a cikin ramuka na zamani.

Dalilin tsarin dabarun shine inganta warkar da karaya kuma ka guji nassunku na kashi saboda marigayi aiki.

A halin yanzu, intredully na zazzabi ya rasa masu ba da shawara a matsayin wata dabara ta tsayawa kuma a halin yanzu ana amfani dashi ne kawai a matsayin cikakken canji na tsarin gyara cikin rashin warkarwa.

A cikin binciken biomechanical, Gimeno et al. Ya ruwaito cewa yankin canzawa tsakanin wadanda ba kuri'un da ba ka zamba ba kuma ya mamaye kifayen tsoho da na lalata na ciki.

Don magance waɗannan matsalolin, Russel da taylor et al. An tsara shi na farko wanda ba a kashedin ba, ƙusa mai narkewa a cikin 1986, tare da sakamako gamsarwa.

A wannan lokacin, matsalar taurace kusoshi na shiga ciki kuma ya ci gaba da ci gaba, kuma kamar yadda muka sani a yau, a kaddara tare da dunƙule ta hanyar Klemmed ne da kuma Schleman a Jamus. Shigar da dunƙulen dunƙulen zai zama mai jagoranci ta hanyar fluoroscopy freoroscopy freorshand, wanda zai fallasa likitan tiyata zuwa mai yawa radadi.

A yau, an warware wannan matsalar ta tsarin distal manufa wanda ya haɗa fasahar filin lantarki, Jagorar Shigarwa ta Hanyar Shigarwa.

1990s: titanium intredullary ƙusa

A shekaru goma masu zuwa, Russel-Tayloraddamyullary ƙusa ya zama sananne a cikin garin Orthopedic na duniya. Standard na kulawa a hankali ya zama wasan kwaikwayo tare da matsakaiciyar kullewa na sukurori, kamar yadda sakamakon binciken ta hanyar berumback et al.

A cikin wannan binciken na wannan binciken, sakamakon da aka haifar da cewa kulle ya samar da kyakkyawan sakamako a mafi yawan lokuta kuma bai danganta da rashin karaya ba.

Ci gaba a cikin metallurgy ya haifar da fitowar Titanium kusoshi, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su sosai a masana'antar biomadical don ƙarfinsu, juriya da lalata lalata da biocompatiction.

Tsarin Mata inna shi ne na farko da likitan likitanta saboda ƙwararrun ƙusa, kuma ya fi karfin ƙarfe na titanium, wanda yake da ƙarancin ƙarfe fiye da bakin ƙarfe.

Koyaya, litattafan yanzu suna da shakku kamar yadda titanium wani abu ne mai dacewa don gyaran ciki fiye da bakin karfe fiye da bakin ƙarfe, musamman saboda karuwar farashin da ke hade da amfani da titanium.

Koyaya, akwai wasu fa'idodin titanium, kamar na zamani modulus kusa da cortical kashi da karfin ra'ayi, sanya shi zaɓi mai kyau.

Bugu da kari, titanium wani zaɓi ne mai kyan gani lokacin da aka sami ƙanana da ke cikin ƙusoshin diamita.

SAURARA

Bayan nasarorin da kuma gazawar shekarun da suka gabata, likitocin Orthopedic suna da gogewa sosai tare da nayiling-shaye.

Gyaran tsinkaye na Femal, tibial da humacal karar kula da mafi yawan rufewar karar da wasu buɗaɗɗen buɗewa. Ana shirya sabon manufa da tsarin ajiya mai sauki da kuma haifuwa har ma da mafi yawan likitocin.

Abubuwan da suka shafi kwanan nan sun nuna cewa titanium da bakin karfe da bakin karfe suna da matukar yawan modulus na elastigue kuma wanda ya ja da baya m da warkaswa da ya haifar. Sabbin kayan tarihi kamar magnesium alloys, suttura ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kuma abubuwan da aka sake sauya su a cikin Ikimemia.

An yi kusurwoyi na ciki da aka yi da ci gaba da fiber-karfafa polymers tare da ingantattun modulus na roba da kuma babban ƙarfi a halin yanzu akwai. Magnesium aloshin suna da modulus na elasticity kama da na cortical kashi kuma sune bishara.

Karatun na kwanan nan ta Li et al. sun nuna fa'idodi masu mahimmanci wajen magance karaya na osteoporotic a cikin samfuran dabbobi da aka danganta su don murƙushewa don rauni na osteoporotic.

Ƙarshe

A cikin shekarun, tare da mahimmancin cigaba a cikin ƙirar ƙirar ƙirjin ƙwararraki, dabaru, da dabaru na tiyata, tsararru na ciki, mawuyacin hali, da kuma hanya mai zurfi, da kuma hanya mai zurfi, da kuma hanyar haihuwa, da kuma hanyar haihuwa, da kuma hanyar haihuwa.

Koyaya, saboda tsarin ƙirar ƙusa da yawa, wani bayani da yawa ba shi da yawa game da sakamakonsu na farko. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don ƙayyade mafi kyawun nau'in nau'in nau'in ƙirar ƙwararrun ƙusa na ƙwararraki, halaye da radius na curvature.

Muna hasashen bene a fagen biomaterials za su faɗi fitowar sabbin ƙusa na ƙusa.

Yadda za a sayi vorthopedic da kayan aikin orthopedic?

Don domin Czmeditech , muna da cikakkiyar layin samfurin Orthopeic da kayan aikin inabi da kayan aiki masu dacewa, abubuwan da suka hada da kashin baya implants, Anna Nails, farantin rauni, farantin kulle, cranial-maxililofacial, prosthesis, kayan aikin wutar lantarki, masu gyara na waje, arthroscycy, veretary kula da tallafawa kayan aikinsu.

Bugu da kari, mun kuduri mu ci gaba da bunkasa sabbin kayayyaki da fadada layin samfuri, don haduwa da mukamanmu da marasa lafbf7db5ff198c=4.0 * 48mm

Mun fitar a duk duniya, saboda haka zaka iya Tuntube mu a Adireshin Imel Song@Oawpipediic-china.com don ambaton kyauta, ko aika saƙo a kan amsawa +86 - 18112515727 18112515727 18112515727= 0 == 18112515727= 0 ==.

Idan kuna son sanin ƙarin bayani, danna Czmeditech don samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai.