Meniscus i fibrocartilage ya xivumbeko xa meniscus leyi nga na xiphemu xo tsemakanya xa triangular lexi kumekaka exikarhi ka tibial condyle na plateau, leswi antswisaka swinene femoro-tibial joint consistency naswona yi tlanga xiave xa nkoka eka dynamics ya matsolo.The Meniscus i fibrocartilage ya xivumbeko xa meniscus na A .

Ku tshoveka ka swirho swa le nhlaneni ku ringanyetiwa leswaku ku khumba vanhu lavakulu va 500 000 eUnited States lembe ni lembe. Ti na nkucetelo lowukulu eka khwalithi ya vutomi, sweswi ti endla 3-7% wa ku fa ka le xibedlhele na mpimo wa ku fa ka lembe rin’we wa 19.4-58%. Kwalomu ka hafu ya ku tshoveka hinkwako ka xirhendze i intertrochanteric (IT) .

Ku tshoveka ka periprosthetic ka proximal femur i xiphiqo lexikulu eka hip arthroplasty. Ku humelela loku vikiweke i 3.5% wa malembe ya 20 endzhaku ka ku vekiwa ko sungula naswona ku tlakuka hi ku humelela ka ku cinciwa ka mahlangano. Ku tshoveka ka swirho swa le ndzeni ka vuhandzuri hakanyingi swi fambisana ni swirhabyana leswi nga semendheriwangiki. Hi ntolovelo, fra .

Proximal humerus fractures are one of the most common fractures in trauma orthopedics, and most proximal humerus fractures are low-energy osteoporotic fractures in the elderly.Although the majority of proximal humerus fractures can be treated conservatively, 10-15% of fractures still require surgica

Ku nga tshamiseki ka makatla ya le ndzhaku hi ntolovelo ku vangiwa hi ku tshoveka ka le ndzhaku loku chavisaka kumbe ku phindha-phindha ku vaviseka loku nga ngheneriki ngopfu hi nkarhi wa ku endla vutiolori kumbe migingiriko yin’wana, hi mpimo wa ku humelela ka lembe na lembe wa 4.64 wa timhangu eka vanhu va 100000 hi lembe. Maendlelo yo hlayanyana ya vuhandzuri yo tshungula makatla ya le ndzhaku .