Brazil 2026: Makampani Otsogola 15 Opangira Mphamvu Yamafupa

Kugula Chida Champhamvu cha Orthopedic ku Brazil: Zomwe Ogula Ayenera Kudziwa

Dziko la Brazil limapereka mwayi wochuluka kwa ogulitsa zida za mafupa, koma kulowa mumsika kumafuna zambiri kuposa kalozera wampikisano. Chilolezo cha katundu, kugawa m'madera, zolemba za Chipwitikizi, ndi mphamvu zogulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa zonse zimakhudza ngati dongosolo lingakhale kugula chipatala kosatha.

Kwa ogulitsa, funso lapakati sikuti ndi kampani iti yomwe imapanga kubowola koyenera. Ndipamene masinthidwe azinthu amatha kuperekedwa, kuthandizidwa, ndi kusungidwa mkati mwa gawo lomwe mukufuna ku Brazil.

Bukuli likufanizira makampani 15, kuphatikiza CZMEDITECH's orthopedic power tool portfolio , opanga mayiko, ndi mabizinesi oyenerera aku Brazil. Imayang'ananso zizindikiro zamsika, malingaliro a ANVISA, masanjidwe azachipatala, ndikukonzekera kugawa.

Kuwulula zamalonda: izi CZMEDITECH -yosindikizidwa mwachidule sigawo lodziyimira pawokha la msika kapena kusanja kwachipatala. Kuphatikizidwa sikutsimikizira chilolezo cha ku Brazil, katundu wakomweko, kapena wogawa wosankhidwa pachinthu chilichonse. Tsimikizirani kasinthidwe komwe mukufuna.

Msika Wa Zida Za Mifupa Ya ku Brazil: Sikelo Imafunika Kugawikana

Odwala Ambiri Sapanga Msika Umodzi Wofanana

IBGE inayerekeza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu ku Brazil chinali 213,421,037 pa July 1, 2025. Kuchuluka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti makasitomala athe kupeza zambiri, koma chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse sichingadziwe kuti ndi zipatala ziti zomwe zathandizira zipangizo zothandizira.

Otsatsa akuyenera kugawa mwayi potengera dera, mtundu wa chipatala, kusakanikirana kwa njira, ndi zida zomwe zilipo kale. Kugula zinthu m'magulu a anthu komanso kugula zipatala zoperekedwa ndi anthu payekha kumafunikira njira zosiyanasiyana zamalonda.

Kuchita Opaleshoni Imathandizira Kufufuza kwa Akaunti

Lipoti la Unduna wa Zaumoyo mu 2025 linalemba maopaleshoni osankhika okwana pafupifupi 14.58 miliyoni, poyerekeza ndi pafupifupi 14.01 miliyoni mu 2024. Maopaleshoni onsewa si a mafupa okha ndipo sayenera kufotokozedwa ngati kufunikira kwa zida zamagetsi.

Zizindikiro Zamsika waku Brazil Zogwirizana ndi Zida Zamankhwala Othandizira Mafupa

Chiwerengero cha opindula pazaumoyo chimalongosola maubwenzi olembetsa ndipo sayenera kutengedwa ngati anthu apadera. Zizindikirozi sizimakhazikitsa mtengo wodziyimira pawokha wopangira mafupa ndi macheka.

Pangani Zoneneratu Zogulitsa Pansi-Up

Zolosera zothandiza zomwe zimatchedwa zipatala, makina oyika, ndandanda zosinthira, ndi udindo wogula.

Siyanitsa zinthu zitatu:

• Kusintha kwa zida zokalamba kapena zosagwiritsidwa ntchito;

• Kukulitsa mphamvu ya chipinda chogwirira ntchito;

• Kuyambitsa ntchito yapadera ya opaleshoni.

Funsani ngati chofunikiracho chikungophatikiza chidutswa chammanja kapena phukusi lonse la zomata, mabatire, zikwama, zophunzitsira, ndi zida zosunga zobwezeretsera.

Makampani apamwamba a 15 Orthopedic Power Tool Kuti Mufananize

Mndandanda wachidulewu umaphatikizapo opanga mafupa ambiri, akatswiri opereka mphamvu zamagetsi, ndi zosankha zaku Brazil. Malongosoledwe oyenera kwambiri ndi poyambira kuunika, osati kuvomereza kwachipatala.

Kuyerekeza kwa Kampani kwa Ogula aku Brazil

1. Stryker

Stryker imasindikiza zidziwitso zaku Brazil za pulatifomu yake ya System 9, kuphatikiza kubowola mafupa, kudula, ndi kukonzanso ntchito. Izi zimapereka poyambira msika wamba, ngakhale ogula ayenera kutsimikizira masinthidwe enieni ndi chithandizo chamalonda choperekedwa.

Zabwino kwambiri: madipatimenti a mafupa okwera kwambiri omwe amawunika nsanja yophatikizika.

2. CZMEDITECH

CZMEDITECH imapereka kubowola kwa mafupa, macheka mafupa , zipangizo multifunction, ndi osankhidwa akatswiri kachitidwe. Mbiri yake imalola ogulitsa kukambirana magulu angapo azinthu muubwenzi umodzi wopeza.

Zinthu zoti mufufuze zikuphatikizapo Kubowola Kung'ono Kwa Bone, Kubowola Kwakukulu kwa Torque , ndi Kubowola kwa Mini Multifunctional Drill . Catalogue imatchulanso za Oscillating Saw M-07, Brushless Multi-functional Bone Drill M-35-1 , ndi Arthroscopy Shaver System M-36-1.

Kwa Brazil, lingaliro liyenera kutchula mitundu yeniyeni, zomata zovomerezeka, mabatire, ma charger, makeke, ndi zina zolowa m'malo. Unikani chinthu chilichonse chomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo mongoganiza kuti masinthidwe amodzi amakhudza njira iliyonse ya mafupa.

Distributor ndi Zokambirana za OEM/ODM zitha kuthana ndi zofunikira zamalonda, koma chilolezo cha ku Brazil, zida za Chipwitikizi, mawu otsimikizira, ndi udindo wokonza ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa padera.

Zabwino kwa: ogawa omwe akufuna zida zosinthika za mafupa.

3. DePuy Synthes

DePuy Synthes imapereka machitidwe kuphatikiza UNIUM ndi Battery Power Line II. Zolemba zake ndizofunikira pamene zipatala zikufuna kugwirizanitsa zida zamagetsi ndi zowonongeka ndi zida zomanganso. Tsimikizirani zomangika zomwe zakonzedwa motsutsana ndi njira yomwe ilipo.

Zabwino kwambiri: mapulogalamu ovulala ndi arthroplasty.

4. B. Braun Aesculap

Aesculap's Acculan 4 ndi nsanja yamagetsi yamagetsi yoyendetsedwa ndi batri. Kuunikira kuyenera kuphatikizapo kagwiridwe ndi kukonzanso, ndi kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa zinthu zosabala ndi mabatire kapena zamagetsi zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chapadera.

Zabwino kwa: zipatala zomwe zimayika patsogolo kasamalidwe ka zida zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.

5. Zimmer Biomet

Zimmer Biomet's X Series imaphatikiza kubowola, kukonzanso, ndi macheka kudzera muzomangamanga zomanganso komanso kuvulala kwa mafupa. Fananizani masinthidwe enieniwo ndi njira zachipatala ndi zofunikira zowonjezera.

Zabwino kwambiri: madipatimenti omanganso ndi ovulala.

6. CONMED Hall

Mbiri ya CONMED's Hall ikuphatikiza zida zamafupa akulu a Titan ndi zida zamafupa ang'onoang'ono a MicroFree. Kugwirizana ndi gawo lazogulitsa zake, koma ogula akuyenera kutsimikizira mibadwo yeniyeni ya zida ndi zida zomwe zikukhudzidwa.

Zabwino kwa: madipatimenti ofananiza nsanja zazikulu ndi zazing'ono.

7. Matenda a nyamakazi

Arthrex's Synergy Power System imagwira ntchito pamankhwala amasewera, arthroplasty, trauma, ndi distal extremities. Olekanitsa zida zamphamvu za mafupa ndi zofunika za shaver ya arthroscopy powerengera zida ndi ndalama zomwe zingagulidwe.

Zabwino kwa: mapulogalamu a mafupa ophatikiza mankhwala amasewera ndi maopaleshoni ambiri.

8. De Soutter Medical

De Soutter Medical imagwira ntchito pazida zopangira opaleshoni zoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu, zomwe zimakhala ndi ma Orthodrive, Traumadrive, ndi Osteodrive. Mbiri yake yoyang'ana kwambiri imathandizira kufananitsa pazamankhwala wamba komanso akatswiri.

Zabwino kwa: ogula omwe akufuna ukadaulo wa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.

9. MicroAire

MicroAire imapereka zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, kuphatikiza SmartDriver DUOe. Unikaninso njira zogwirira ntchito, ma coupler, zomata, ndi zofunika kukonzanso motsutsana ndi zolemba zenizeni.

Zabwino kwambiri kwa: kukhazikika kwa mafupa ndi malekezero.

10. Medtronic

Medtronic's Midas Rex MR8 ndi m'gulu la opaleshoni yothamanga kwambiri. Iwunikeni padera ndi kubowola kowopsa kwanthawi zonse, kuphatikiza gwero lamagetsi, zida zodulira, ndi chithandizo cha akatswiri chofunikira.

Zabwino kwa: neurosurgery ndi ntchito zapamwamba za msana.

11. GMReis

GMReis ikupereka Solaris ngati dongosolo la mafupa atatu lomwe limaphatikizira kubowola, kugwira mawaya, ndi sagittal sawing. Zimapereka kufananitsa koyenera kwa msika waku Brazil kwa zida zama modular. Tsimikizirani phukusi lathunthu ndi udindo wautumiki.

Zabwino kwa: zipatala zomwe zikufanizira masinthidwe am'mafupa.

12. Driller Med

Driller Med amapereka ma motors opangira opaleshoni, zopangira m'manja, ndi perforators pazinthu zingapo zapadera, kuphatikiza mafupa ndi traumatology. Mtundu wake wosindikizidwa umapereka njira yamakampani yakunyumba powunika zida ndi zida zina.

Zabwino kwambiri kwa: akatswiri ndi madipatimenti ochita opaleshoni osiyanasiyana.

13. NOUVAG

NOUVAG imapereka zida zopangira opaleshoni yamanja, phazi, ndi mafupa ang'onoang'ono. Ndiwofunikira ngati mzere wazinthu zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri m'malo mongoganiza kuti ndi m'malo mwa nsanja iliyonse ya mafupa akulu.

Zabwino kwa: manja, phazi, ndi ntchito zapadera.

14. AYGÜN

Magalimoto opangira opaleshoni a AYGÜN a Raptor amaphatikizapo kubowola, kubwezeretsanso, ndi ntchito zocheka. Kupereka kwake kokhazikika kumakhala koyenera pamene ogula akufuna kufananitsa maluso angapo mkati mwa dongosolo limodzi logwirizana.

Zabwino kwambiri: kugula kwa mafupa ndi ma trauma.

15. NSK-Nakanishi

Mbiri ya NSK-Nakanishi's Primado2 imaphatikizapo ma injini opangira opaleshoni olondola komanso zomata. Tchulani chophatikizira chathunthu cha mota, chogwirizira pamanja, ndi zida zodulira osati kuyitanitsa ndi dzina lapulatifomu lokha.

Zabwino kwa: njira zolondola za mafupa ndi akatswiri a msana.

Fananizani Zogulitsa ndi Njira Zosakaniza

'Complete orthopaedic kit' sizomwe zili bwino. Ogula ayenera kuzindikira ntchito zofunika, zowonjezera, malire ogwiritsira ntchito, ndi makonzedwe osungira.

Kalozera-Makina a kasinthidwe

Maguluwa amathandizira zokambirana zogula ndi magulu oyenerera azachipatala; si malangizo opangira opaleshoni.

Mwachitsanzo, pendani Small Cannulated Bone Drill kudzera m'mimba mwake ya cannulation ndi ma chuck. Za ku Large Torque Drill , pemphani malire ogwiritsira ntchito komanso tsatanetsatane wovomerezeka.

Yang'anani machitidwe ophatikizika ndi zomwe mukufuna kuyika. Kulemera kwa injini yokha sikukhazikitsa kagwiridwe ka chida chosonkhanitsidwa.

ANVISA: Chidziwitso Sichofanana ndi Kulembetsa

Brazil imagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zinthu malinga ndi gulu lachiwopsezo. ANVISA imazindikiritsa zidziwitso za Makalasi I ndi II ndi kulembetsa kwa Makalasi III ndi IV pansi pazida zoyenera zachipatala. Tsimikizirani m'magulu a chipangizocho ndi malamulo omwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito, osati kuchokera ku liwu loti 'mankhwala a mafupa.'

Kuyika kwa mafupa ndi chida chopangira opaleshoni sayenera kupatsidwa njira yomweyo.

ANVISA imanenanso kuti makampani akunja amafunikira bwenzi lovomerezeka mwalamulo ku Brazil lomwe limayang'anira zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ndikugawidwa ku Brazil. Khazikitsani amene ali ndi chilolezo cha malonda komanso amene amasamalira zowongolera.

Chilolezo cha kampani ndi funso lapadera. Tsimikizirani zofunikira za AFE ndi chilolezo chakumaloko pazochita zomwe zachitika.

Yang'anani Zofunikira za Certification Equipment

Zida zina zamagetsi zamagetsi ziyenera kuvomerezedwa mokakamiza. Tsimikizirani ngati dongosolo lomwe likufunsidwa likugwera mumgawo womwe ukuyenera kuchitika komanso ndi zida ziti zomwe zikuphatikizidwa. Musaganize kuti satifiketi yakunja imakwaniritsa zofunikira zaku Brazil zokha.

Mndandanda wa Kukonzekera Kwazinthu ku Brazil

Uwu ndi mndandanda wa zogula, osati zolemba zonse zowongolera. Tsimikizirani zomwe zikuchitika pano ndi katswiri wazoyang'anira waku Brazil.

Kugula kwa Anthu Onse: Kusiyanitsa Kupeza Kuchokera Pakutumiza kwa Bidi

Portal Nacional de Contratações Públicas, kapena PNCP, imafalitsa mapulani ogula, zidziwitso, zolemba zolembetsa mitengo, ndi makontrakitala. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira zofunidwa ndikuwunikanso njira zakale zogulira.

Komabe, kupeza chidziwitso pa PNCP sikutanthauza kuti malonda aliwonse amaperekedwa kumeneko. Tsatirani nsanja ndi malangizo omwe afotokozedwa m'makalata ogula.

Kwa machitidwe ogulira a federal, SICAF imapereka kulembetsa kwa ogulitsa. Sichilowa m'malo mwa chilolezo cha malonda kapena ziyeneretso zaukadaulo zapadera.

Konzani masanjidwe ogwirizana omwe amalumikizana ndi chikalata chilichonse, zolozera pamakatalogu, kapena mawu otengera mawu. Unikaninso mikhalidwe yobweretsera, njira zovomerezera, maphunziro, zitsimikizo, ndi njira zolipirira musanagule.

Design Regional Service Musanapereke Chidziwitso Chadziko Lonse

Kukula kwa Brazil kumapangitsa gawo la ntchito kukhala chisankho chamalonda. Wogawa sayenera kulonjeza kuyankha mdziko lonse potengera kukhala ndi katswiri m'modzi ndi chosungira chimodzi.

Fotokozani kuti ndi maakaunti ati omwe angalandire chithandizo chapafupi, zomwe zimafuna ogwirizana nawo m'chigawocho, komanso zomwe zimadalira kukonzanso mayiko.

Mafunso Okonzekera Utumiki Wachigawo

Gawo laling'ono, lochirikizidwa bwino lingapereke maziko olimba kusiyana ndi kusankhidwa kwa dziko mwamsanga.

Yerekezerani Mtengo wa Mwini, Osati Mtengo Wongolowetsa

Funsani mawu ofanana okhudza zidutswa za m'manja, zomata, mabatire, ma charger, makeke, ma blade, kukonza, zosintha, zonyamula, ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera.

Mtengo wa umwini = kupeza + zogwiritsidwa ntchito + kukonza + zosintha + mayendedwe + zosunga zobwezeretsera.

Mtengo wofikira ku Brazil umafunikanso kuunikanso kwachindunji. Funsani mlangizi wodziwa za kasitomu ndi misonkho kuti aunike m'magulu, chiyambi, kapangidwe ka zinthu zomwe zimachokera kunja, ndi misonkho yoyenera. Musagwiritse ntchito generic peresenti pa chinthu chilichonse.

Jambulani ndalama za mawu, zongoyerekeza, ndi zowona. Fotokozani ngati nthawi yotsogolera ikutanthauza kutumiza kufakitale kapena kubweretsa kuchipatala.

Mawu a chitsimikiziro akuyenera kuzindikiritsa zosiyanitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa batri, udindo wonyamula katundu, ndi njira yovomerezera kukonza. Chitsimikizo chachitali sichithandiza pamene zida sizingasinthidwe panthawi yowunika.

Tsimikizirani Mayendedwe Athunthu Antchito Musanayitanitsa

Phatikizani madokotala ochita opaleshoni, ogwira ntchito m'zipinda zopangira opaleshoni, ogwira ntchito zachipatala, ndi uinjiniya wa zamankhwala.

Gwiritsani ntchito njira zowunikira zosavomerezeka zovomerezedwa ndi wopanga kuti muwunikire zowongolera, kusintha kwa zomata, kachitidwe, ndi kukwanira kwa kasinthidwe. Onaninso maumboni olembedwa m'malo mowongolera mayeso ochulukirachulukira.

Kukonzanso kumafuna kuvomereza kosiyana. 'Autoclavable' sizimakhudza batire iliyonse, charger, kapena zida zonse zamagetsi. Tsatirani malangizo enieni.

Gwirizanani pa njira zovomerezera musanaperekedwe, kuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa, zolemba, kumaliza maphunziro, ndi nkhani zomwe sizinathetsedwe. Izi zimapanga mgwirizano womveka bwino pakati pa wogawa ndi chipatala.

Pangani Portfolio Yogawira Yokhazikika

Yambani ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna komanso nthawi yeniyeni yobwezeretsanso.

Kapangidwe ka Portfolio

Osiyana masheya owonetsera, maoda amakasitomala, ndi zina zosinthira ntchito.

Pamapangano ogawa, fotokozani gawo, zoyembekeza zogulitsa, zofunikira zaukadaulo, ndi makonzedwe othetsa. Fotokozerani mwayi wopeza zolemba zamalamulo ndi maudindo ngati ubale wamalonda ukusintha.

Chifukwa Chiyani Sankhani CZMEDITECH?

CZMEDITECH imapatsa ogawa aku Brazil njira yowunikira zambiri zida zamphamvu za mafupa mkati mwazokambirana kumodzi, kuphatikiza zobowoleza zam'madzi, kubowola kwa torque zazikulu, oscillating macheka , ndi multifunction systems. Kudzera distributor mgwirizano ndi Zosankha za OEM/ODM , omwe akuyembekezeka kukhala ogwirizana nawo amatha kukambirana zapagulu lazinthu, kuyika chizindikiro, kuchuluka kwake, komanso mawu azamalonda. Ubwino wothandiza ndi kusinthasintha kwa mbiri, pokhapokha ngati ikuthandizidwa ndi ndondomeko yogwirizana bwino ya zolemba zachitsanzo, zipangizo zogwirizana, zipangizo za Chipwitikizi, zoyamba zotsalira, maphunziro, ndi kukonza. Tsimikizirani njira zoyendetsera ku Brazil ndi ntchito zantchito zakomweko musanakhazikitse zochunira zilizonse.

Mapeto

Dziko la Brazil limapereka mwayi wogulira mankhwala a mafupa, koma kulowa bwino pamsika kumadalira zambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwazinthu.

Gwiritsani ntchito mndandanda wachidule wamakampani 15 kuti mufananize masinthidwe athunthu, kukonzekera kwamalamulo, ndi chithandizo chamadera. Yang'anani patsogolo kugwirizana kolembedwa, nthawi zobwezeretsanso zenizeni, ndi makonzedwe okonzekera bwino.

Kuti mufufuze zomwe zimaperekedwa, onani Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi za CZMEDITECH ndikupempha lingaliro kutengera njira zomwe mukufuna, madera, kuchuluka, ndi zofunikira zothandizira.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

1. Ndi kampani iti ya zida zamagetsi yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri ku Brazil?

Palibe kampani yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Fananizani zoyenera kuchipatala, momwe zinthu ziliri ku Brazil, zowonjezera, ntchito, ndi mtengo wa umwini. Njira zosiyanasiyana zimafuna nsanja zosiyanasiyana.

2. Kodi zonse zomwe zalembedwazo ndizololedwa ku Brazil?

Nkhaniyi sinakhazikitse chilolezo cha mtundu uliwonse. Tsimikizirani malonda enieni, mwiniwake waku Brazil, komanso momwe alili panopa musanagule kapena kukwezedwa.

3. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe CZMEDITECH imapereka?

Mndandanda wake uli ndi zobowolera zam'madzi, kubowola kwa torque zazikulu, oscillating macheka , mini ndi brushless kachitidwe multifunction, ndi osankhidwa akatswiri mankhwala. Tsimikizirani zolembedwa zonse zomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito.

4. Kodi zida zonse zamagetsi zamagetsi zimafuna kulembetsa kwa ANVISA?

Njira zimatengera gulu. ANVISA imasiyanitsa zidziwitso za Makalasi I ndi II ndi kulembetsa kwa Makalasi III ndi IV. Tsimikizirani malamulo oyenera a chipangizocho.

5. Kodi wopanga akunja amafunikira mnzake waku Brazil?

ANVISA imanena kuti makampani akunja amafunikira mnzawo wovomerezeka mwalamulo waku Brazil yemwe ali ndi udindo pazogulitsa zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi kugawidwa ku Brazil. Fotokozani udindo wa mwiniwake musanalowe msika.

6. Kodi chiphaso cha INMETRO chimafunika nthawi zonse?

Musamaganize kuti ndizovomerezeka kapena simukuloledwa. Yang'anani ngati zida zenizenizo zikugwera m'kati mwachiphaso chokakamizika komanso ndi zigawo ziti.

7. Kodi ogawa ayenera kusankha machitidwe odzipereka kapena multifunction?

Sankhani malinga ndi mayendedwe a kasitomala. Makina ogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zambiri amaphatikiza luso, pomwe zida zodzipatulira zitha kukhala zogwira ntchito mwapadera kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yomweyo. Phatikizani zofunika zosunga zobwezeretsera mu kufananitsa.

8. Kodi mabatire ndi zomata zitha kugawidwa pakati pa mitundu?

Gwiritsani ntchito zophatikiza zothandizidwa ndi zolemba zoyenera komanso zofunikira. Kuwoneka bwino kwa thupi sikumatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kotetezeka, kugwirizanitsanso, kapena kutetezedwa kwa chitsimikizo.

9. Kodi chofunika kwambiri ndi chiyani pa chithandizo cha pambuyo-kugulitsa?

Tsimikizirani kuthekera kwa kuyankha kwa chigawo, malo okonza, kupezeka kwa zida zosinthira, mtengo wamayendedwe, ndikupereka zosunga zobwezeretsera. Lembani maudindo ndi zolinga za utumiki.

10. Kodi ogawa angapemphe bwanji lingaliro la CZMEDITECH?

Perekani ndondomeko zomwe mukufuna, katundu wosankhidwa, kuchuluka kwake, madera, zofunikira zolemba, ndi zoyembekeza zautumiki. Lumikizanani ndi Gulu logawa la CZMEDITECH pamalingaliro okhazikika, okhazikika.

Chodzikanira pazachipatala ndi malamulo: Kulembetsa kwazinthu, zovomerezeka, zotsimikizika komanso kupezeka kwamalonda kumasiyana malinga ndi mayiko. Nkhaniyi idapangidwira akatswiri azachipatala, magulu ogula zinthu zachipatala ndi ofalitsa ovomerezeka. Amapereka zambiri zogulira ndipo sapanga upangiri wamankhwala, malangizo opangira opaleshoni kapena m'malo mwa malangizo omwe opanga agwiritse ntchito.