Chidutswa chaching'ono chimatanthawuza mtundu wa implants wa mafupa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza mafupa ang'onoang'ono ndi tiziduswa ta fupa, nthawi zambiri zomwe zimakhala za 2.0 mpaka 3.5 mm m'mimba mwake. Ma implantswa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga maopaleshoni amanja ndi phazi, komanso maopaleshoni ena omwe amakhudza tizidutswa tating'ono ta mafupa. Ma implants ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa kuti azitha kukhazikika komanso kulimbikitsa machiritso, ndipo amapezeka m'mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zosowa za maopaleshoni osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi biocompatible monga titaniyamu kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera.
Tizigawo tating'onoting'ono timapezeka m'mitundu ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana kuti zigwirizane ndi malo osiyanasiyana komanso kukula kwa mafupa. Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino ya ma mini fragment plate ndi awa:
Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mbale za tubular: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tizidutswa tating'ono ta fupa kapena tizidutswa tating'ono ta fupa tokhala ndi malo ochepa okonzera, monga m'manja, dzanja, ndi akakolo.
T-plates: Ma mbale awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pothyoka ma distal radius, akakolo, ndi calcaneus.
Ma mbale a L: Ma mbalewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothyoka zomwe zimafuna kukhazikika kwapang'onopang'ono kumtunda wautali wa fupa, monga fractures distal femoral.
H-mbale: Ma mbalewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popasuka kwa proximal tibia, komanso pochiza omwe si ogwirizana.
Mapepala a Y: Ma mbalewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothyoka kwa proximal humerus, clavicle, ndi distal femur.
Ma mbale a mbedza: Ma mbalewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mipundu yovuta pomwe njira zanthawi zonse zokutira sizitheka kapena zalephera, monga kusweka kwa lateral tibial plateau.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mitundu ndi kukula kwa mbale zazing'ono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimadalira mtundu wa fracture komanso zomwe dokotala wa opaleshoni angakonde.
Ma mbale okhoma nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi biocompatible monga titaniyamu, titaniyamu alloy, kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zidazi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri, zowuma, komanso kukana dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyika mafupa. Kuonjezera apo, iwo ndi osagwira ntchito ndipo samachita ndi minofu ya thupi, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kukanidwa kapena kutupa. Ma mbale ena otsekera amathanso kuphimbidwa ndi zinthu monga hydroxyapatite kapena zokutira zina kuti apititse patsogolo kulumikizana kwawo ndi minofu ya mafupa.
Titaniyamu ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga maopaleshoni a mafupa, kuphatikiza zokhoma mbale. Kusankha pakati pa zipangizo ziwirizi kumadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa opaleshoni, mbiri yachipatala ya wodwalayo ndi zomwe amakonda, komanso zomwe dokotalayo amachita komanso zomwe amakonda.
Titaniyamu ndi chinthu chopepuka komanso champhamvu chomwe chimagwirizana ndi biocompatible komanso chosagwira dzimbiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri pamakina azachipatala. Ma mbale a titaniyamu amakhala olimba kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa fupa ndikulimbikitsa machiritso. Kuonjezera apo, mbale za titaniyamu zimakhala zowonda kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizisokoneza kuyesa kwa zithunzi monga X-ray kapena MRI.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kumbali ina, ndi chinthu champhamvu komanso cholimba chomwe chimakhalanso ndi biocompatible komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu implants za mafupa kwa zaka zambiri ndipo ndizinthu zoyesedwa-zowona. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizotsika mtengo kuposa mbale za titaniyamu, zomwe zingakhale zolingalira kwa odwala ena.
Ma mbale a Titaniyamu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga opaleshoni chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera omwe amawapanga kukhala zinthu zabwino zoyika zachipatala. Zina mwazabwino zogwiritsa ntchito mbale za titaniyamu pochita opaleshoni ndi monga:
Biocompatibility: Titaniyamu ndi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi biocompatible, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizingatheke kuyambitsa ziwengo kapena kukanidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala chinthu chotetezeka komanso chodalirika chogwiritsidwa ntchito mu implants zachipatala.
Mphamvu ndi kulimba: Titaniyamu ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zolimba kwambiri komanso zolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu choyenera kuyika ma implants omwe amafunika kupirira kupsinjika ndi zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kulimbana ndi dzimbiri: Titaniyamu imalimbana kwambiri ndi dzimbiri ndipo sangafanane ndi madzi am'thupi kapena zinthu zina m'thupi. Izi zimathandiza kuti implant isawonongeke kapena kuonongeka pakapita nthawi.
Radiopacity: Titaniyamu imakhala ndi ma radiopaque kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imatha kuwonedwa mosavuta pa X-ray ndi mayeso ena azithunzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti madotolo azitha kuyang'anira implant ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino.