Distal humerus fractures ke mohuta o tlwaelegilego wa kgobalo ya matla a magolo go tša marapo. Bothata bja kalafo bo letše go raraganeng ga sebopego sa anatomical le go nyakega ga go bušetša mošomo wa mohlakanelwa. Bjalo ka moabi wa tharollo ya profešenale lefapheng la go tsepama ga ka gare ga marapo, re fana ka in-D .

Anterior cervical discectomy le decompression le implant fusion (ACDF) ke e nngwe ya mekgwa ya go bua ka tlwaelo bakeng sa kalafo ya mokokotlo-mofuta le methapo motso-mofuta cervical spondylosis, cervical mokokotlo kgateletšego le mathata a mang, 'me e na le melemo ea ho tsitsisa ka ntle, hōlile ho fixety ya angoration ea angoration ea angoration ea angoration ea angoration, jwalo, anistoration ea angoration ea angoration ea angoration ea angoration ea angoration ea angoration ea angoration ea angoration, Mathata a tlwaelegilego a ka morago ga go buiwa a bjalo ka bothata bja go metša, go senyega ga dikarolo tše di bapilego, go golofala ga methapo ya laryngeal reentrant, go dutla ga seela sa cerebrospinal, haematoma, tshwaetšo, le intervertebral implant subsidence bj.bj.

Go robega ga intertrochanteric ga femur, yeo gape e tsebjago bjalo ka go robega ga intertrochanteric, ke go robega ga capsule ya ka ntle ga articular. Dipontšho tše dikgolo tša go robega ga magareng ga di- intertrochanteric ke bohloko bjo bohlokwa bja lefelong leo le go ruruga, ecchymosis e nabilego, go se kgone ga molwetši go ema goba go sepela, e lego e kopana e bohlokwa .

Kgetho ya ka hare fixation bapisoa le kopanetsoeng replacementat hona joale, ho ka kakaretso ho lumelo hore sekoti nail ka hare fixation bakeng sa femoral molala fracture na le melemo ea nako e khutšoanyane tshebetso nako, nyenyane bohloko le theko e tlaase, empa boholo ba hōlileng bakuli ba tsamaea le osteoporosis, kahoo botsitso ba .

Ke diphetogo dife tša clinicopathological ka go robega ga calcaneal?

Go phatloga ga tendon ya extensor ka morago ga go tsepama ga poleiti ya volar e dula e le bothata bjo bogolo go lokišeng go robega ga radius ya kgole. Tendon yeo e amegago kudu ke extensor pollicis longus (EPL), ka ge e tswaletšwe ka gare ga Groove ya EPL. Tiragalo yeo e begilwego ya go phatloga ga tendon ya EPL ka morago ga Vola .

Displaced comminuted fractures ya distal humerus ka batho ba baholo ke bothata bo thata ka lebaka la anatomy rarahaneng ya elbow lelokololo, nyenyane fracture dikotwana tse, le palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea subchondral lesapo. Dikholomo tša ka mahlakoreng le tša magareng tša humerus ya kgole di bopa foreime ya khutlotharo ye e tsepamego.

Go tšweletša gape go tsepama mo go tsepamego ka go beakanya ga go robega ga marapo goba go comminuted, thekniki ya poleiti ya go bapelana ya kalafo ya go robega ga humeral ya kgole e theilwe godimo ga molaotheo wa go godiša go tsepama ga go robega ga kgole. Senotlolo sa go tsepama ga sebopego se sa go tsepama ke th .

Meniscus ke fibrocartilage ya sebopego sa meniscus yeo e nago le karolo ya sefapano ya khutlotharo yeo e lego magareng ga tibial condyle le plateau, yeo e kaonafatšago kudu go se fetoge ga lelokololo la femoro-tibial gomme e kgatha tema ye bohlokwa go mafolofolo a manonyeletšo a lengwele.Meniscus ke fibrocartilage ya sebopego sa meniscus yeo e nago le .

Go akanyetšwa gore go robega ga letheka go kgoma batho ba bagolo ba 500 000 kua United States ngwaga le ngwaga. Di na le khuetšo ye kgolo go boleng bja bophelo, ga bjale di tšea 3-7% ya mahu a ka sepetlele le tekanyo ya mahu a ngwaga o tee ya 19.4-58%. Mo e ka bago seripa-gare sa go robega ka moka ga letheka ke intertrochanteric (IT) .